Surat Al Baqarah (The Cow) – سورة البقرة
Preface مقدمة
This second Surah of the Glorious Qu’an was the first to be revealed to the Prophet [SAAS] in Medina. Imam Muslim Al Naisaboori, Imam Abu Isa Al Tirmithi & Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal [AR] report a narration by Al Nawwas Bin Sam’an [RAA] that he heard the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] say that the Qur’an shall be summoned (on the Day of Resurrection) along with all its people – who used to abide by its instructions and prohibitions – brought forward by Surat Al Baqarah & Surat Aal Imran (The Third Surah). The Messenger of Allah [SAAS] then gave three parables for these two Surat(ain) [meaning two surat in Arabic]: They are two clouds or two black canopies or groups of birds with wings spread out arguing for their keeper. Abu Hurairah [RAA] is reported as saying that the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] said: Do not make your homes graves, verily Shaitan [Satan] is alienated from a home in which Surat Al Baqara is read and escapes from it.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful
الم (1)
Alif, Lam, Meem (1)
In his exegesis, Imam Al Qurtubi affirms that these singular Arabic letters are both the mystery and secret of Allah [SWT] in the Qur’an. Other Muslim scholars see these letters as a sample of the Arabic alphabet which Allah [SWT] chose at the beginning of certain Suwar [plural for Surah in Arabic] to show the Arabs that the Qur’an was revealed in their tongue and language and thus to show them their inability and incompetence in forging a “fabricated Qur’an”.
ذَٰلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ ۛ فِيهِ ۛ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ (2)
That is the Book which has no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah [and fear Him] (2)
The book referred to [in this Ayah] is the Qur’an itself which is undoubtedly revealed by Allah [SWT] and is the true and righteous path for those believers conscious and fearing of Allah [SWT] [Al Mutt’aqeen in Arabic]. According to Abdullah Ibn Abbas [RAA] those believers conscious of Allah [SWT] admonish or caution His Punishment in abandoning what they know of His Guidance and hope for His Mercy in what they believe in this Guidance. Abu Hurairah [RAA] is reported as responding to a question by a Muslim about the consciousness of Allah [SWT] [At’ Taqwa in Arabic]. So Abu Hurairah asked the Muslim: When you see thorns on your path how do you react ? He replied that he would never approach them and always keep away. Abu Hurairah replied…that is At’ Taqwa.
الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ (3)
Who believe in the transcendence, establish prayer, and spend from the Sustenance We have provided for them (3)
Believing is confirmed by faith and transcendence is what is beyond the minds and comprehension of believers, thus the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] (who is all knowledgeable from Allah [SWT] about transcendence) was the ultimate teacher of the Sahabah [Companions]. The transcendent realities described by the Prophet [SAAS] are: Signs of the Hour, Torment of the Grave, Resurrection, Al Nashir & Al Hashir, the Straight Path, the Balalnce of Deeds, Hell & Heaven. The Messenger of Allah [SAAS] is quoted as saying: Believing is that you [the believer have unquestionable] faith in Allah [SWT], His Angels [AS], His Books [Al Tawrat, Al Injeel & Al Qur’an], the Last Day [of Judgement] and that you have faith in Destiny – good or bad. Establishing prayers is through proper implementation of its fundamentals, its rules, its forms and its timings.
Ibn Abbas [RAA] with reference to establishing prayers says it relates to the five daily compulsory prayers which a Muslim has to perform. As for paying out Zakat [Alms], this has to be determined by counting all the assets and paying out 2.5%.
وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ (4)
And [those Muslims] who believe in what has been revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what was revealed before you, and of the Hereafter of which they are certain. (4)
Those Muslims who believe in the Revelation sent down to you [O Muhammad] in the form of the Qur’an, [equally] as well as believing in the Messages sent down before the Qur’an [i.e, Al Tawrat, Al Injeel and others mentioned in the Qur’an]. They also are certain and unshakeable in their belief of the Hereafter and its various stages – [as mentioned earlier: Signs of the Hour, Torment of the Grave, Resurrection, Al Nashir & Al Hashir, the Straight Path, the Balalnce of Deeds, Hell & Heaven].
أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدًى مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (5)
Those [Muslims] are following the Guidance from their Lord, and it is those [Muslims] who are the Successful [on the day of Judgement] (5).
Those Muslims who incorporate faith in transcendence and consciousness of Allah [SWT] as well as abiding by the statutes and impositions of Islam are under the illumination and glow of their Lord with His Bestowing upon them His Testimonial, Straightness and Rectitude with His Tawfeeq [God’s Speed]. These practicing Muslims shall be successful in the Eyes of Allah [SWT] in the Hereafter.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَأَنذَرْتَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تُنذِرْهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (6)
Indeed, those who are blasphemous – it is all the same for them whether you warn them or do not warn them – they will not believe (6).
The blasphemous – those who insist on denying and repudiating your Message [and Prophesy] refusing the Ayat descended upon you – shall not heed your warning [O Muhammad] because they follow their whims and personal interests (like Abu Jahal & Abu Lahab, the uncles of the Prophet [SAAS] himself).
خَتَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَعَلَىٰ سَمْعِهِمْ ۖ وَعَلَىٰ أَبْصَارِهِمْ غِشَاوَةٌ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ (7)
Allah has sealed their hearts and hearing, and placed over their vision a veil. And for them [awaits] great torment & anguish (7).
These blasphemous people who Allah [SWT] has sealed their hearts, hearing and veiled their vision shall not be able to see, hear, understand and believe in the Guidance of Allah [SWT]. Imam Al Tabari’s Exegesis refers to this Ayah saying: verily when sins accumulate in the heart they seal it and blasphemous actions thus become common place.
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَا هُم بِمُؤْمِنِينَ (8)
And there are some people who say, “We believe in Allah and the Last Day,” but they are nonbelievers (8).
This Ayah refers to the hypocrites who declare their belief in the Message of Muhammad [SAAS] in the open, but when they meet the blasphemous they declare their allegiance to them. These hypocrites – if they do not repent – shall be dwellers at the bottom cellars of the Hell Fire on the Day of Judgement as clearly revealed in Ayah 138 & 145 in Surat Al N’isaa.
يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ (9)
They [think they] are deceiving Allah and the believers, but they deceive not except themselves and perceive [it] not (9).
When these deceivers attempted to deceive the Undeceivable [Allah & the believers] they in fact deceived themselves [instead] without comprehending it since they have no knowledge of the inside of the human sole.
فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ فَزَادَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَرَضًا ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ (10).
In the hearts [of the deceivers] is a disease, thus Allah has augmented their disease; and for them is a painful torment because they were used to lying (10).
This disease is due to the corruption in the dogmas they hold either because of their suspicion and hypocrisy or their odium and denial [of the Message]. The sickness and illness in their hearts is increased by Allah [SWT] whenever the Messenger [SAAS] is bestowed with more spiritual and worldly bounties and religious grace as the Qu’ran is descending upon the Prophet [SAAS]. For these hypocrites, Allah [SWT] has prepared torture and anguish for their continued non-repenting and hypocritical attitude.
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ (11)
And when it is said to them, “Do not corrupt the earth,” they say, “ We are but reformers.” (11).
Corrupting people by taking sides with and supporting the blasphemous, thus, segregating believers away from Muhammad [SAAS] and his Message. To all of this they say we are ‘reformers’.
أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْمُفْسِدُونَ وَلَٰكِن لَّا يَشْعُرُونَ (12)
Unquestionably, it is they who are the corrupters, but they do not feel it (12).
Due to their insistence that they are ‘reformers’, Allah [SWT] has Decreed that undoubtedly they are the ‘corrupters’ without them comprehending it.
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آمِنُوا كَمَا آمَنَ النَّاسُ قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ كَمَا آمَنَ السُّفَهَاءُ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ السُّفَهَاءُ وَلَٰكِن لَّا يَعْلَمُونَ (13)
And when it is said to them [By Allah (SWT) through the Angles (AS)], “Believe as the people have believed,” they say, “Do we believe as the foolish have believed?” Unquestionably, it is they who are the foolish, but they do not know it not (13).
They equate the believers with fools [who have no purpose or guidance]. Due to this mockery and disregard of the believers, Allah [SWT] has Named them as ‘fools’ without them knowing.
وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَوْا إِلَىٰ شَيَاطِينِهِمْ قَالُوا إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُسْتَهْزِئُونَ (14)
And when they meet those who believe, they say, “We believe”; but when they are alone with their devils, they say, “Indeed, we are with you; we were only mockers [of the believers]” (14).
Being hypocrites, when they meet the believers they say we believe [as you have] but when they meet their devils and demons, they say we are your followers, we are but mockers of those who have believed [in the Message of Muhammad (SAAS)].
اللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِمْ وَيَمُدُّهُمْ فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ (15)
[However] Allah mocks them and prolongs their transgression [while] they wander blindly (15).
Due to their transgression, Allah [SWT] disgraces them and mocks their life and existence so that they roam blindly on this earth.
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَىٰ فَمَا رَبِحَت تِّجَارَتُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا مُهْتَدِينَ (16).
Those are the ones who have purchased aberrance [in exchange] for guidance, so their transactions [& trade] have brought them no profit, nor were they guided (16).
They purchased blasphemy in exchange with faith, aberrance instead of guidance, fear instead of security and tranquility, prohibition [Haram] in exchange with permissible [Halal].
مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَّا يُبْصِرُونَ (17).
Their example is that of one who kindled a fire, but when it illuminated its surrounding, Allah took away their light and left them in darkness [so] they could not see (17).
According to Abdullah Bin Mas’ood [RAA], this Ayah descended on the Prophet [SAAS] when he arrived in Medinah to expose the hypocrites who believed in polytheism then became Muslims but later reverted back to blasphemy. The parable here is that Allah [SWT] took away the light of the fire of their belief and left them in darkness, causing them to be blinded with no vision whatsoever.
صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ (18)
Deaf, dumb and blind – thus they shall not return [to the right path]
And so the people [hypocrites] of the kindled fire were rendered deaf – unable to hear, dumb- unable to speak and blind – unable to see. This is the wrath of Allah [SWT] to the hypocrites who have deceived themselves and others by becoming fake-Muslims.
أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِم مِّنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ (19).
Or, like a rainstorm from the sky containing darkness, thunder and lightning. They [the hypocrites and blasphemous] place their fingers in their ears against [the fright]of thunderbolts thus dreading death. And Allah is all Encompassing of the blasphemous (19).
This rainstorm, Allah [SWT] mentions in the Qur’an as a parable for the hypocrites to fear – so much so – that they dread death when they hear thunderbolts as they dread hearing the Qur’an when they hear its Ayat relating to them. Indeed Allah [SWT] encompasses them from all directions.
يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ ۖ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُم مَّشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا ۚ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (20).
The lightning almost abducts their eyesight. Every time it lights [their path] they walk therein; but when darkness sets over them, they stand [still]. And if Allah had Willed, He Would have taken away their hearing and their sight. Verily, Allah is Competent over all things (20).
The coherent, firm and strong Ayat of the Qur’an expose the rougher of the hypocrites who go after worldly riches and gains increasing their wealth and social stature ascribe these fortunes to Muhammad [SAAS] and his Message. However, when darkness shrouds them due to scourge and hardship [thus losing their worldly wealth and status] they become suspicious that this is due to Muhammad [SAAS]. They therefore – being hypocrites – revert back to blasphemy and polytheism.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (21).
O humankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, so that you may become pious (21).
This Ayah is both simple and powerful. It confirms that Allah [SWT] is the Sole Creator of all creation including humankind whether that human is male or female, a believer or not. Allah [SWT] thus Commands all humankind to Worship Him in order to become pious and follow the Message of the Prophet [SAAS].
الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرَاشًا وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَّكُمْ ۖ فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَندَادًا وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (22).
[He] who made for you the earth a bed [spread out] and the sky a ceiling and sent down from the sky, water thus extracting fruits as sustenance for you. So do not attribute to Allah equals while you know [that there are no partners to Him] (22).
It is Allah [SWT] – the Sole Creator – of the heavens and the earth – who has made the earth as a spread out ‘carpet’ and the sky a ceiling and brought down water for you to grow the various plants and fruits as provisions for your sustenance. For these great miracles, do not associate with Allah [SWT] any partners since these partners are simply unable to equal the Real Creator with His creations.
وَإِن كُنتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِّمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِّن مِّثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا شُهَدَاءَكُم مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (23).
And if you are in doubt of what We Have Descended upon Our Servant [Muhammad], then produce a Surah [Chapter in the Qur’an] like it and call upon your witnesses other than Allah , if you are truthful (23).
The suspicion of the non-believers in the Revelation of the Qur’an to Prophet Muhammad is challenged by Allah [SWT] Who Calls upon them to produce a Surah – even as small as consisting of three Ayat – which resembles the Qur’an [in spirit content, rhetoric and statement]. Then invoke your idols other than Allah [SWT] if you are truthful.
فَإِن لَّمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَلَن تَفْعَلُوا فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ ۖ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ (24).
But if you do not – and you will never be able to – then fear the Fire, whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for the blasphemous (24).
If you are unable to produce a Surah and you will never be able to, then Submit [your whole life] to Allah [SWT] Fearing and Observing Him and fearing the Hellfire prepared for the blasphemous, hypocrites and disbelievers fueled by humans [from the same kind of people] & stones. According to Abu Hurairah who narrated that the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] said: All the prophets including myself have been Given from Allah [SWT] Verses [Ayat] whose number is equivalent to the number of followers and believers. As for me, I have been Given the Revelation and thus hope to be the Prophet with the greatest number of followers on the Day of Judgement.
وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۖ كُلَّمَا رُزِقُوا مِنْهَا مِن ثَمَرَةٍ رِّزْقًا ۙ قَالُوا هَٰذَا الَّذِي رُزِقْنَا مِن قَبْلُ ۖ وَأُتُوا بِهِ مُتَشَابِهًا ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا أَزْوَاجٌ مُّطَهَّرَةٌ ۖ وَهُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (25)….(ربع الجزء الاول)
And give glad tidings to those who believe and do righteous deeds that they will have gardens [in Paradise] beneath which rivers flow. Whenever they are provided with a provision of fruit therefrom, they will say, “This is what we were provided with before.” And it is given to them in likeness. And they will have therein purified spouses, and they will abide therein eternally (25) {Quarter of Juzu’1}
This Ayah is generally self-explanatory. The fruit that the believers Will Be Provided with in Paradise [Jannah in Arabic] is different in kind, taste, and smell but similar in color. When they eat from this paradise fruit they will say, we have eaten from this provision before; it is like what we were Given By Allah [SWT] before. As for the spouses Promised By Allah [SWT] for the believers who have won a place in Jannah, these shall be purified from menstruation, impurities, postpartum and generally devoid from any scum, grubbiness and dirt. The righteous and pious believers shall reside eternally in Jannah as Allah [SWT] promised.
Al Shawkani Exegesis – Al Baqarah Ayah 26 to Ayah 105
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي أَن يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا مَّا بَعُوضَةً فَمَا فَوْقَهَا ۚ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ ۖ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَيَقُولُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا ۘ يُضِلُّ بِهِ كَثِيرًا وَيَهْدِي بِهِ كَثِيرًا ۚ وَمَا يُضِلُّ بِهِ إِلَّا الْفَاسِقِينَ (26).
Verily, Allah is not embarrassed to cite an example – that of a mosquito or smaller [in size]. And [so] those who have believed know that it is the truth from their Lord. But [as for] those who disbelieve, they say, “What did Allah intend by this parable?” Allah [SWT] misleads many thereby and guides many thereby. [However] Allah [SWT] exceptionally misleads the defiant philanderers (26).
This Ayah was revealed in response to the blasphemous who said that Allah [SWT] is greater and higher than mentioning insects such as the spider, the bee, and the ant [in the Arabic and holey tongue of the Qur’an]. This was defiant and insulting to the Lord of Worlds Himself. For this they were expelled from the obedience of Allah [SWT] and became philanderers.
الَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِن بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَن يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ (27)
Those who break the Pledge of Allah [SWT]after the Covenant with Him and sever that which Allah [SWT] has ordered to be joined and cause corruption on earth. It is those who are the losers (27).
A definition of the losers in the eyes of Allah [SWT] are those who after pledging a covenant with Him through accepting what the Qur’an revealed and go on to break what Allah [SWT] Has Ordered to be joined, thus causing corruption on earth.
كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَكُنتُمْ أَمْوَاتًا فَأَحْيَاكُمْ ۖ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (28)
How can you disbelieve in Allah when you were lifeless [sperms in man’s descent] and He Created you [back] to life; then He Will Cause you to die, then He Will Bring you [back] to life, and then to Him you Will Be Returned (28).
Created from the union of sperms in the descent of mankind with the egg in the womb of a female, He Caused your Creation to life through instilling each humankind with soul and spirit. After your death each of you will be resurrected back to life and returned to the Creator – Allah [SWT] to face His Judgement and to be Rewarded or Punished.
هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُم مَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَسَوَّاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ ۚ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (29)
It is He Who Created for you all [which you explore] in the earth. He then Turned Himself to the heavens, and Fashioned [Made] them into seven heavens, and He is the [all] Knowledgeable of all things (29).
The Creation of the earth and seven heavens by Allah [SWT] is in respect to and blessing of humankind for a prescribed duration [until the Day of Judgment]. He Almighty is the all Knowledgeable of all His Creation.
وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً ۖ قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَن يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (30)
And [mention, O Muhammad], when your Lord said to the angels, “Verily, I Will Render upon the earth a successor.” They [the Angels] said, “Will You render upon it one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we declare Your praise and sanctify You?” Allah [SWT] Said, “Verily, I Know that which you do not know” (30).
The successor is said to be the Prophet Adam [AS]. Adam [AS] who will succeed Me in executing My Provisions, Rulings and Commandments on earth. The Angels went on to question whether this successor will cause corruption and blood shed while they will praise Allah [SWT] and will offer Him sanctification. Allah [SWT] replied that He and only He knows the transcendent. According to Qatada’s explanation of this Ayah that it was in the Knowledge of Allah [SWT] that among the successors are going to be prophets and messengers and righteous people who are Jannah dwellers.
وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنبِئُونِي بِأَسْمَاءِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (31).
And He Taught Adam all the names. Then He Displayed them to the Angels and Said, “Inform Me of the names of these [beings], if you are truthful.” (31).
The names Allah [SWT] Taught Adam [AS] are said to be all the Angels names as well as the offspring of Adam [AS]. Then Adam [AS] went on to name the names he learnt from Allah [SWT] while the Angles could not.
قَالُوا سُبْحَانَكَ لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ (32).
They said, “O You Exalted ; we have no knowledge except what You have Taught us. Indeed, it is You who is the all Knowledgeable, the all Wise” (32).
They replied, Oh Glorious You, our knowledge is only what You Have Taught us. All the knowledge and wisdom is Yours. In this reply they showed their incompetence and limited knowledge compared to Adam [AS].
قَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَنبِئْهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ ۖ فَلَمَّا أَنبَأَهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُل لَّكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ (33).
Allah [SWT] Said, “O Adam, inform them of their names.” And when he [Adam] informed them of their names, He [Allah] said, “Did I not tell you that I Know the transcendence [aspects] of the heavens and of the earth? And I Know what you reveal and what you have concealed” (33).
Allah [SWT] in this Ayah wanted to prove to the Angels that He [SWT] and only He Holds the reigns of creation and knowledge. He thus commanded Adam [AS] to name all the Angles which Allah [SWT] Created one by one. In addition Adam [AS] was Bestowed with the human-progeny of worldly knowledge. And so Allah [SWT] Reprimanded the Angels by exposing their ill knowledge and ignorance compared to Adam [AS] as well choosing to conceal the state of arrogance which Iblees showed Allah [SWT].
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ (34).
And when We Said to the Angels, “Prostrate before Adam”; And so they prostrated, except for Iblees [the Devil]. He refused and was arrogant and became amongst the blasphemous (34).
Prostration in the Arabic tongue means groveling and submission and is manifested by placing the forehead on the ground. In Islam It is forbidden to prostrate to other than Allah [SWT], however, upon the Command of Allah [SWT] to all the Angles to prostrate to Adam [AS] in honoring him, Iblees – who was an Angel himself but was Demonized by Allah [SWT] –refused to prostrate simply out of arrogance & bigheadedness. Iblees was thus amongst the blasphemous.
According to the narration by Abdullah Ibn Abbas, Iblees’ was amongst the Noble Breed of the Angles and his name was Ghazazeel but he was Demonized by Allah [SWT] as mentioned above and lost all the ‘goodness’ characteristic of Angles and was Allah [SWT] renamed him Iblees.
وَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَكُلَا مِنْهَا رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هَٰذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ (35).
And We Said, “O Adam, dwell, you and your wife, in Jannah and eat therefrom merrily & from wherever you will. But do not approach this tree, lest you become amongst the transgressors” (35).
This was the first and only test to Adam [AS] and his wife by Allah [SWT] as mentioned for the first time in Surat Al Baqarah. The prohibited tree is said to be grapevine or fig or wheat. In all cases approaching this tree is a sin which will embroil its defiant servants to Allah [SWT]’s Commandment, thus becoming oppressive and unjust to themselves.
فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطَانُ عَنْهَا فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِمَّا كَانَا فِيهِ ۖ وَقُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ وَلَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَىٰ حِينٍ (36).
But Shaitan [Satan] caused them to be removed from [Jannah] where they were. And We Said [to Adam & his wife], “Descend down, [all of you from Jannah to earth], as enemies to one another, and you Will Have in the earth a place of settlement and provision for a [prescribed] time.”
Because Adam [AS] and his wife disobeyed Allah [SWT] and followed Shaitan’s temptation in eating from the forbidden tree they were expelled from Jannah to earth where they would become enemies to each other living and eating until their death.
فَتَلَقَّىٰ آدَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (37).
Then Adam received from his Lord [certain] words whereupon His Lord Accepted his [Adam’s] repentance. Indeed, it is He Who is the All Repenting, the All Merciful (37).
Repentance of Allah [SWT] came to Adam [AS] and his wife after Allah [SWT] Taught them certain words which were [in fact] a supplication [Du’a] to Allah [SWT]: Oh Lord we have oppressed ourselves and if You Do Not Forgive us and Have Mercy on us then we shall be amongst the losers. For this, Allah [SWT] Accepted their repentance.
قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًا ۖ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّي هُدًى فَمَن تَبِعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (38).
We Said, “Descend down all of you from it [Jannah to earth]. And when Guidance [A prophet and message] Comes to you from Me, then whoever follows My Guidance – there will be no fear for them, nor will they grieve (38).
The Guidance referred in this Ayah is the Message of Islam as expressed by the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] and the Glorious Qu’ran. And so whoever follows this Guidance then no fear or grieve will come to them.
وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (39).
And those who disbelieve and deny Our Signs [Ayat] – those will be companions of the Fire; they will dwell therein eternally” (39).
This Ayah is for the blasphemous who are deniers and disbelievers of the Messenger and Message. They are Promised by Allah [SWT] the Hellfire on the Day of Judgment, wherein they shall reside eternally.
يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِي أُوفِ بِعَهْدِكُمْ وَإِيَّايَ فَارْهَبُونِ (40).
O Children of Israel, remember My Favor which I Have Bestowed upon you and fulfill My Covenant [upon you] so that I Will Fulfill your covenant [from Me], and be in awe of Me (40).
This is the first Call in the Qur’an by Allah [SWT] to the Children of Israel [who are the Sons of the Prophet Yakoob [Jacob] [AS] who is the Son of the Prophet Is’haaq [Isaac] [AS] who is the Son of Ibraheem [Abraham] [AS]. Allah [SWT] Tells the Children of Israel to be mindful of His Favors like Saving them from Fir’oun [Pharaoh] and his armies; Sending Disciples and Scriptures to them amongst other favors. The Covenant which Allah [SWT] Required the Children of Israel to fulfill is to believe and follow the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] who was mentioned in the Tawra [Torah]. In return Allah [SWT] would Guarantee them Jannah. Allah [SWT] Implores the Israelites to Fear Him and fear no one other than Him.
وَآمِنُوا بِمَا أَنزَلْتُ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا مَعَكُمْ وَلَا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كَافِرٍ بِهِ ۖ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا وَإِيَّايَ فَاتَّقُونِ (41).
And believe in what I Have Sent down confirming that which is [already] with you, and be not the first to disbelieve in it. And do not exchange My Ayat for a small price, and fear only Me (41).
The Divine Speech continues to the Israelites in which Allah [SWT] Tells them about the Glorious Qur’an which was Revealed to corroborate and confirm what previously had come down through the Tawra; and do not be amongst the first to disbelieve in it; and do not sell My Ayat [My Commandments and Prohibitions] cheaply and fear and be conscious of Me only.
وَلَا تَلْبِسُوا الْحَقَّ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتَكْتُمُوا الْحَقَّ وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (42).
And do not mix the truth with falsehood or conceal the truth while you know [it] (42).
This is a cautionary Ayah from Allah [SWT] to the Israelites not to mix the truth of Muhammad [SAAS] and his Message as revealed in the Qur’an with the falsehood and lies that they are preaching despite the fact that the Tawra clearly mentions the truth about the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS].
وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِين (43).
And establish prayer and give zakah and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience] (43).
Allah [SWT] Commands the Israelites to enter Islam and follow Muhammad [SAAS] and to institute timely prayers; give alms or charity and bow with the bowing worshipers since they had no bowing practice in their prayers.
أَتَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبِرِّ وَتَنسَوْنَ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتَابَ ۚ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ(44).
“Do you command people with benevolence and forget yourselves while you recite the Scripture [Tawra] ? Do you have no reason?” (44).
Allah [SWT] Questions the Israelites why they order people to be benevolent and forget themselves while reciting the Tawra, Saying: “Are you not able to distinguish between reason and knowledge?”
وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ ۚ وَإِنَّهَا لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى الْخَاشِعِينَ (45).
And seek help through patience and prayer, and indeed, it is difficult except for the humbly submissive [to Allah ] (45).
This Ayah is said to be for Muslims imploring them to take patience and prayers as the two cornerstones of faith in Allah [SWT] and His Messenger [SAAS]. For attaining this status total reverence in both prayers and patients is required which is hard and difficult except for those with full humility and submission to Allah [SWT].
الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلَاقُو رَبِّهِمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ (46).
Those who are certain that they will meet their Lord and that they will return to Him (46).
A complementary Ayah to the previous one which affirms that Muslims who obey Allah [SWT] and His Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] through complete submission and reverence are sure to meet their Lord during death and return to Him after resurrection of the soul on the Day of Judgement.
يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَنِّي فَضَّلْتُكُمْ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ (47).
“ O Children of Israel, remember My favor that I have bestowed upon you and that I preferred you over the worlds “ (47).
This is another Call from Allah [SWT] to the Jews to “Remember My favors [mentioned in Ayah 40] and respond by believing in My Messenger whom I have sent. I have preferred you over all the worlds before you”. Which produced prophets except the Ummah of Muhammad [SAAS] for which Allah [SWT] Said to the Muslims “You were the best Ummah produced for humankind” [Al-Imran: Ayah 110].
وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا لَّا تَجْزِي نَفْسٌ عَن نَّفْسٍ شَيْئًا وَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهَا شَفَاعَةٌ وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا عَدْلٌ وَلَا هُمْ يُنصَرُونَ (48).
And fear a Day when no soul will suffice for another soul at all, nor will intercession be accepted from it, nor will compensation be taken from it, nor will they be aided (48).
Fearing the Day of Judgement when four situations will be confirmed for the Jews or Israelites: No sufficing one soul for another; No intercession from the soul nor on its behalf shall be accepted; No compensation or ransom shall be accepted from one another; and No aid or help will come to such souls to save them from the Torment of Allah [SWT].
وَإِذْ نَجَّيْنَاكُم مِّنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ يُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَاءٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ (49).
And [recall] when We Saved your forefathers from the people of Fir’oun [Pharaoh], who afflicted you with the worst torment, slaughtering your [newborn] sons and keeping your females alive. And in that was a great trial from your Lord (49).
Allah [SWT] reminds the Jews when He Saved them from Fir’oun(*) and his army who caused them untold calamity and torment by slaughtering their males and force their females into servitude. Fir”oun’s priests and clerics told him that all Jewish males should die lest they challenge Fir’oun for the thrown of Egypt after killing him. This adversity and catastrophe was brought about by Allah [SWT] to the Jews to test their faith and allegiance to Him.
(*) It is said that Fir’oun is the only King of Egypt, while other anecdotes say Fir’oun is the name of each King who ruled ancient Egypt.
وَإِذْ فَرَقْنَا بِكُمُ الْبَحْرَ فَأَنجَيْنَاكُمْ وَأَغْرَقْنَا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَأَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ (50).
And [recall] when We parted the sea for you and saved you and drowned the people of Pharaoh while you were looking on (50).
And remember the event when Allah [SWT] Saved you from drowning by Parting the sea of Suez and Making its bottom dry for you to walk from the Egyptian Bank to the Saini. Once the Jews were saved, Allah [SWT] Commanded the sea to close on Fir’oun and his followers to be trapped inside thus causing them to drown. The saved Jews then looked at themselves and looked at what became of Fir’oun and his followers.
وَإِذْ وَاعَدْنَا مُوسَىٰ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ مِن بَعْدِهِ وَأَنتُمْ ظَالِمُونَ (51).
And [recall] when We made an appointment with Moses for forty nights. Then you took [for worship] the calf after him, while you were wrongdoers (51).
And remember when Allah [SWT] Promised Mousa [Moses] [AS] to Meet him at the southern Saini city of Tour to Talk and Reveal to him over a forty night period the Jewish religion. During this time the Jews turned away from Mousa [AS] only to take up the golden horned calf as a god and thus you Jews were unjust and unfair in doing this act.
ثُمَّ عَفَوْنَا عَنكُم مِّن بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (52).
Then We forgave you after that so perhaps you would be grateful (52).
Then Allah [SWT] despite your sin in taking the calf as a god, Forgave you so that you maybe thankful.
وَإِذْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَالْفُرْقَانَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ (53).
And [recall] when We gave Moses the Scripture and criterion that perhaps you would be guided (53).
And remember the time when Allah [SWT] handed down Mousa [AS] the Tawra as well as the Furqan which carries [both the statement and argument of] the Prophecy of Mousa [AS]. These scriptures were sent down so that the Jews might be guided to the Path of Allah [SWT].
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ يَا قَوْمِ إِنَّكُمْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنفُسَكُم بِاتِّخَاذِكُمُ الْعِجْلَ فَتُوبُوا إِلَىٰ بَارِئِكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوا أَنفُسَكُمْ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ عِندَ بَارِئِكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (54).
And [recall] when Moses said to his people, “O my people, indeed you have wronged yourselves by your taking of the calf [for worship]. So repent to your Creator and kill yourselves. That is best for [all of] you in the sight of your Creator.” Then He accepted your repentance; indeed, He is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful (54).
And remember when Mousa [AS] came back from his rendezvous with Allah [SWT] for the forty nights. He was distressed upon knowing what his people turned to worship as a god while he was away. He told them that they all had transgressed and oppressed themselves and should repent to Allah [SWT]. According to Ali Bin Abi Taleb [RAA]: They asked Mousa [AS] “What is our repentance?” He answered: “By you killing each other”. So they took up knives and the man would kill his brother, his father and his son. This event caused about 70,000 to be killed. Allah [SWT] at this juncture Inspired Mousa [AS] to command them to stop their killing spree since Allah [SWT] Has Forgiven the killed and Accepted the Repentance of those still alive. Verily Allah [SWT] is the Only Repentance Accepting, the Merciful.
وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَا مُوسَىٰ لَن نُّؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّىٰ نَرَى اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً فَأَخَذَتْكُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ وَأَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ (55).
And [recall] when you said, “O Moses, we will never believe you until we see Allah outright”; so the thunderbolt took you while you were looking on (55).
And remember when you [people who set out with Mousa to get the Repentance of Allah [SWT] ] asserted, “ O Mousa, we shall not in any way believe in you [and your Prophecy] until we see Allah [SWT] with our bear eyes”, for this blasphemy against Allah [SWT] the thunderbolt struck you while you were looking at this great natural event which caused your death.
ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَاكُم مِّن بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (56).
Then We revived you after your death that perhaps you would be grateful (56).
Then Allah [SWT] resurrected you from your death so that you may be thankful.
وَظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمَامَ وَأَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَىٰ ۖ كُلُوا مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ ۖ وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَٰكِن كَانُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ (57).
And We shaded you with clouds and sent down to you manna and quails, [saying], “Eat from the good things with which We have provided you.” And they wronged Us not – but they were [only] wronging themselves (57).
And We Shaded you [the Jews] with a cloud cover and descended upon you manna [eloquent dew droppings from the sky solidifying on rocks and trees with a taste of honey] and quails. Eat from the good sustenance We provided you with. And they did not oppress Us [for We are the Cherished], but they were oppressors themselves.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا ادْخُلُوا هَٰذِهِ الْقَرْيَةَ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ رَغَدًا وَادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ نَّغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطَايَاكُمْ ۚ وَسَنَزِيدُ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (58).
And [recall] when We said, “Enter this city and eat from it wherever you will in [ease and] abundance, and enter the gate bowing humbly and say, ‘Relieve us of our burdens.’ We will [then] forgive your sins for you, and We will increase the doers of good [in goodness and reward]. ” (58).
And remember when We Said [to the Jews], Enter this city [Jerusalem] and eat happily from wherever and whenever you want and Enter the Gate of Jerusalem bowing in respect and submission to Allah [SWT] and ‘say, Hittah, meaning ease and calm us from our transgressions and lessen them’. Allah [SWT] Will then Forgive your sins and Accept your Repentance and Augment the well doers in their philanthropy.
فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ فَأَنزَلْنَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا رِجْزًا مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ (59).
But those who wronged changed [those words] to a statement other than that which had been said to them, so We sent down upon those who wronged a punishment from the sky because they were defiantly disobeying (59).
The intransigent oppressors of the Jews entering the Gate of Jerusalem changed the words which Allah [SWT] Demanded to other words. According to Al Bukhari & Muslim Narrating on a Hadeeth of the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] regarding this intransigence in which he said that instead of Obeying the Command of Allah [SWT] the Jews entering the Gates of Jerusalem creeped and crawled on their knees uttering the expression, “ grain in a hair “. For these intransigent oppressor, Allah [SWT] Brought down abomination from the heavens for their debauchery.
وَإِذِ اسْتَسْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ فَقُلْنَا اضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ الْحَجَرَ ۖ فَانفَجَرَتْ مِنْهُ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا ۖ قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَّشْرَبَهُمْ ۖ كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا مِن رِّزْقِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ (60).
And [recall] when Moses prayed for water for his people, so We said, “Strike with your staff the stone.” And there gushed forth from it twelve springs, and every people knew its watering place. “Eat and drink from the provision of Allah , and do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption” (60).
And remember when Mousa [AS] supplicated the Lord for water for his people and Allah [SWT] Said to Mousa [AS], “ strike the rock with your cane “. As a result twelve springs exploded with [fresh]water and every one of the 12 tribes [offspring of the 12 children of the Prophet Yakoub [Jacob] [AS]] knew their spring and drank until they quenched their thirst. “Allah [SWT] has provided sustenance for Mousa [AS] and his people to eat and drink from the springs and do not misuse the earth in a corrupt way”.
وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَا مُوسَىٰ لَن نَّصْبِرَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ فَادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُخْرِجْ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنبِتُ الْأَرْضُ مِن بَقْلِهَا وَقِثَّائِهَا وَفُومِهَا وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَا ۖ قَالَ أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَىٰ بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ ۚ اهْبِطُوا مِصْرًا فَإِنَّ لَكُم مَّا سَأَلْتُمْ ۗ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ وَالْمَسْكَنَةُ وَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا وَّكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ (61).
And [recall] when you said, “O Moses, we can never endure one [kind of] food. So call upon your Lord to bring forth for us from the earth its green herbs and its cucumbers and its garlic and its lentils and its onions.” [Moses] said, “Would you exchange what is better for what is less? Go into [any] settlement and indeed, you will have what you have asked.” And they were covered with humiliation and poverty and returned with anger from Allah [upon them]. That was because they [repeatedly] disbelieved in the signs of Allah and killed the prophets without right. That was because they disobeyed and were [habitually] transgressing (61).
And remember when you [Jews] said to Mosa [AS] “O Mousa we cannot stand more of the same single type of food. Thus supplicate to your Lord to produce for us from the earth [more than one kind of food]: herbs, cucumbers, garlic, lentil and onions. Mousa [AS] said, “do you want to exchange what is good [food brought down by Allah [SWT]] with what is inferior [food chosen by you?]. Then go to the land of Egypt and you’ll find the food you wanted but only with fear, humiliation, slaughter and killing including imposing a tax on each of your heads.” After repeated disobedience and disbelief in Allah [SWT] and Mousa [AS], the Jews returned with the Wrath of Allah [SWT] including all the Blasphemous behavior against Him [SWT] as well as the killing of the Prophets Shuaib [AS], Zakariyya [AS] and Yahya [AS] in addition to attempting to murder Issa [AS].
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالنَّصَارَىٰ وَالصَّابِئِينَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (62).
Indeed, those who believed and those who were Jews or Christians or Sabeans [before Prophet Muhammad] – those [among them] who believed in Allah and the Last Day and did righteousness – will have their reward with their Lord, and no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve (62).
Verily, those who believed [the Muslims] along with the Jews, Christians and the Sabeans [Angel worshippers] who believed in Allah [SWT] and the Last Day [of Judgement] and who did righteous deed, shall have their recompense and reward with their Lord without trepidation or sadness. After this Ayah, Ibin Abbas [RAA] said that Ayah 85 from Al-i-Imran was revealed where Allah [SWT] Said:
وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ
الْخَاسِرِينَ (85) ال عمران.
And whosoever desires other than Islam as a religion – shall never be accepted from him, and he [she], in the Hereafter, will be among the losers. (85) Al-i-Imran.
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذْكُرُوا مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (63).
And [recall] when We took your covenant, [O Children of Israel, to abide by the Torah] and We raised over you the mount, [saying], “Take what We have given you with determination and remember what is in it that perhaps you may become righteous.“ (63).
And remember [You Jews] when Allah [SWT] Took your covenant [to follow the Tawra and its teachings] brought to you through Mousa [AS]’s Tablets. You, however were disobedient and intransigent and said we will not comply until we speak to Allah [SWT] like Mousa [AS] did. For this disobedience Allah [SWT] commanded the Angels to uproot Al Tour Mountain [a 3 mile- long mountain in Palestine were Allah [SWT] spoke to Mousa [AS] ]. This mountain was suspended as a canopy in the sky over them and Allah [SWT] Told them to Hold firmly to the Tawra and its covenant, otherwise the mountain hovering over will fall upon them. In response the Jews prostrated in repentance and abided by Allah [SWT]’s Command to keep the Tawra preserved and protected and to learn from its teachings and to act by its covenant so that you Jews may attain piety.
ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُم مِّن بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ فَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَكُنتُم مِّنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ (64).
Then you turned away after that. And if not for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy, you would have been among the losers (64).
Then you turned away after the covenant [you promised to abide by] and if it wasn’t for the Grace of Allah [SWT] and His Mercy upon you [Israelites] then you would have been amongst the losers [had the Tour Mountain fallen on you].
وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ الَّذِينَ اعْتَدَوْا مِنكُمْ فِي السَّبْتِ فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا قِرَدَةً خَاسِئِينَ (65).
And you had already known about those who transgressed among you concerning the sabbath, and We said to them, “Be apes, despised ” (65).
And you [Jews] had known about the Aylean Jews who assaulted on Al Sabt [Saturday] and Allah [SWT] cursed them and Said to them “ Become scorned and detested apes”. [More explanation on the Aylean Jews comes in Surat Al Aaraf Ayat 162-166].
فَجَعَلْنَاهَا نَكَالًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا وَمَا خَلْفَهَا وَمَوْعِظَةً لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ (66).
And We Made it a deterrent punishment for those who were present and those who succeeded [them] and a lesson for those who fear Allah (66).
And so We Made it a rebuff and punishment for the villages like Aylah [contemporary to Aylah and those who succeeded in time] and an admonition for those who fear and are conscious of the Presence of Allah [SWT].
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً ۖ قَالُوا أَتَتَّخِذُنَا هُزُوًا ۖ قَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ (67).
And [recall] when Moses said to his people, “Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter a cow.” They said, “Do you take us in ridicule?” He said, “I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant” (67).
And remember when Mousa [AS] said to his folk, “Verily Allah [SWT] Commands you to slaughter a cow”, “The Jews said to their Prophet, are you mocking us” ?, Mousa [AS] said, I seek refuge in Allah [SWT] for being amongst the ignorant [and illiterate]. [Meaning how can I quote My Lord for something He Has Not Commanded, this would be tampering and futile]. This conversation came about after one of the Jews was murdered and his murderer remained at large. Mention of this incident will come in Ayah 72.
قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا هِيَ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا فَارِضٌ وَلَا بِكْرٌ عَوَانٌ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ فَافْعَلُوا مَا تُؤْمَرُونَ (68)
They said, “Call upon your Lord to make clear to us what it is.” [Moses] said, “[ Allah ] says, ‘It is a cow which is neither old nor virgin, but median between that,’ so do what you are commanded ” (68).
The Jews said to their Prophet, Mousa [AS] ” Beseech your Lord to Show us what [type of cow] it is ? Mousa [AS] said, “ Allah [SWT] Says it is a cow not old nor virgin but in between. Thus, do as you are Commanded.
قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا لَوْنُهَا ۚ قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ صَفْرَاءُ فَاقِعٌ لَّوْنُهَا تَسُرُّ النَّاظِرِينَ (69).
They said, “Call upon your Lord to show us what is her color.” He said, “He says, ‘It is a yellow cow, bright in color – pleasing to the observers.’ “ (69).
They said to Mousa [AS], “ Supplicate to Your Lord to show us its color ? Mousa [AS] said, “Allah [SWT] Says it is a yellow bright colored cow which pleases [all who] see it.
قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا هِيَ إِنَّ الْبَقَرَ تَشَابَهَ عَلَيْنَا وَإِنَّا إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَمُهْتَدُونَ (70).
They said, “Call upon your Lord to make clear to us what it is. Indeed, [all] cows look alike to us. And indeed we, if Allah wills, will be guided” (70).
Continuing with their disobedience and intransigence, the Jews said to their Prophet, Mousa [AS] ” Implore Your Lord to indicate for us which type [of cow it is]. Verily all cows resemble each other and we will be Rightly Guided if Allah [SWT] Wills.
قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا ذَلُولٌ تُثِيرُ الْأَرْضَ وَلَا تَسْقِي الْحَرْثَ مُسَلَّمَةٌ لَّا شِيَةَ فِيهَا ۚ قَالُوا الْآنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ (71).
He said, “He says, ‘It is a cow neither trained to plow the earth nor to irrigate the field, one free from fault with no spot upon her.’ ” They said, “Now you have come with the truth.” So they slaughtered her, but they could hardly do it (71).
He [Mousa, AS] said, “ He [Allah, SWT] Says it is a novice cow with no experience in either plowing or irrigation, sound from defects, spotless [on the skin]”. The Jews said to their Prophet Mousa [AS], Now you unveiled the truth, and so they sacrificed it [even] though they assiduously threatened not to do so.
Narrated by Abu Hurairah [RAA] the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] Said, Had it not been for the Children of Israel saying to Allah [SWT], “And we shall be Guided with the Will of Allah [SWT], they would not have been Given Bounties. And had they obstructed a cow from a herd and sacrificed it, it would have been sufficient, however they stressed on themselves so Allah [SWT] stressed on them.
وَإِذْ قَتَلْتُمْ نَفْسًا فَادَّارَأْتُمْ فِيهَا ۖ وَاللَّهُ مُخْرِجٌ مَّا كُنتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ (72).
And [recall] when you slew a man and disputed over it, but Allah was to bring out that which you were concealing (72).
And [remember] when you murdered a Jewish man and argued amongst yourselves who committed this crime and Allah [SWT] exposed what you had hidden. [First mentioned in Ayah 67].
فَقُلْنَا اضْرِبُوهُ بِبَعْضِهَا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُحْيِي اللَّهُ الْمَوْتَىٰ وَيُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ (73).
So, We said, “Strike the slain man with part of it.” Thus does Allah bring the dead to life, and He shows you His signs that you might reason (73).
Thus We Said, “ Hit part of the murdered man with another part [of him], likewise Allah [SWT] Revives the dead and Shows you [Jews] His Ayat [signs] so that you might have reason.
ثُمَّ قَسَتْ قُلُوبُكُم مِّن بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ فَهِيَ كَالْحِجَارَةِ أَوْ أَشَدُّ قَسْوَةً ۚ
وَإِنَّ مِنَ الْحِجَارَةِ لَمَا يَتَفَجَّرُ مِنْهُ الْأَنْهَارُ ۚ وَإِنَّ مِنْهَا لَمَا يَشَّقَّقُ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الْمَاءُ ۚ وَإِنَّ مِنْهَا لَمَا يَهْبِطُ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (74).
Then your hearts became hardened after that, being like stones or even harder. For indeed, there are stones from which rivers burst forth, and there are some of them that split open and water comes out, and there are some of them that fall down for fear of Allah . And Allah is not unaware of what you do (74).
Then your hearts became cruel after that [after concealing the murder of a Jew becoming like rock or even harder. Verily some of the rock erupts with rivers while some [other] rock crack and fissure for water to spring out. Yet other rock drops down because of the fear of Allah [SWT] and Allah [SWT] is non-oblivious non-heedless of humankind does. This Ayah is a parable from Allah [SWT] to the Jews for slaughtering one of their own and keeping silent on the culprit and having hearts like rock.
أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ أَن يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِن بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ (75).
Do you covet [the hope, O believers], that they would believe for you while a party of them used to hear the words of Allah and then distort the Torah after they had understood it while they were knowing? (75).
Do you lust for them to believe in you while some of them [the distorters and changers] listen to the words of Allah [SWT] in the Tawra and change and forge its content to meet their desires switching the prohibitive [Haram] with the permissible [Halal]. They would also eliminate legal bounds from their Nobels to have them act beyond societal limits. They even forged and distorted the attributes and qualities of the description of the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] that were mentioned in the Tawra.
وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَىٰ بَعْضٍ قَالُوا أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُم بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَاجُّوكُم بِهِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ ۚ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ (76).
And when they meet those who believe, they say, “We have believed”; but when they are alone with one another, they say, “Do you talk to them about what Allah has revealed to you so they can argue with you about it before your Lord?” Then will you not reason?(76).
And when the Jewish hypocrites meet those who believe [Muslims], they say we have believed that Muhammed [SAAS] is a Prophet. However, when the hypocrites meet in close quarters with their leaders they reproach them and say,“Do you tell them [the Muslims] what Allah [SWT] has opened for them so that they may argue [the matter] before your Lord ?” Will you have no reason.
أَوَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ (77).
But do they not know that Allah knows what they conceal and what they declare? (77) .
However, do the Hypocrite Jews not know that Allah [SWT] knows what they are hiding and what they proclaim.
وَمِنْهُمْ أُمِّيُّونَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا أَمَانِيَّ وَإِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ (78).
And among them are unlettered ones who do not know the Scripture except in wishful thinking, but they are only assuming (78).
And amongst the Hypocrite Jews illiterates who do not know the Tawra [reading and/or writing] only as aspirations however, they are only guessing.
فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ يَكْتُبُونَ الْكِتَابَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ هَٰذَا مِنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا ۖ فَوَيْلٌ لَّهُم مِّمَّا كَتَبَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَيْلٌ لَّهُم مِّمَّا يَكْسِبُونَ (79).
So woe to those who write the “scripture” with their own hands, then say, “This is from Allah ,” in order to exchange it for a small price. Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for what they earn (79).
Hence woe [perdition and destruction] onto those who write the Tawra with their own hands [their lusts and whims] and say this is from Allah [SWT] so that they can barter it for cheap returns. So woe to these writers for their writings and woe to them for the cheap bartering.
وَقَالُوا لَن تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَّعْدُودَةً ۚ قُلْ أَتَّخَذْتُمْ عِندَ اللَّهِ عَهْدًا فَلَن يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ عَهْدَهُ ۖ أَمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (20).
And they say, “Never will the Fire touch us, except for a few days.” Say, “Have you taken a covenant with Allah ? For Allah will never break His covenant. Or do you say about Allah that which you do not know?” (80).
And the Jews said, “the Hellfire [at the Day of Reckoning] shall not affect us except only for a few days”.
According to Abdullah Ibin Abbas the Jews claimed that the ‘final torment of their punishment’ on the Day of Judgement is only seven days. This being based on their belief that the worldly lifetime extends seven thousand years only. For each thousand years the Jews say they will be tormented for a single day only and so their total punishment will be seven days.
O Muhammad [SAAS], tell them did you obtain a covenant with Allah [SWT] ? For Allah [SWT] Shall never Betray His Pledge. Or do you claim about Allah [SWT] what you have no knowledge of.
بَلَىٰ مَن كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (81).
Yes, whoever earns evil and his sin has encompassed him – those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally (81).
Yes, whosoever commits a sin and their transgression surrounded them [without asking for the repentance of Allah [SWT]] then such people are amongst the dwellers of the Fire which they shall reside therein forever.
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (82).
But they who believe and do righteous deeds – those are the companions of Paradise; they will abide therein eternally (82).
And those who have believed in Allah [SWT] and worked righteously are the dwellers of Jannah which they shall reside therein forever.
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَا تَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَقُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّنكُمْ وَأَنتُم مُّعْرِضُونَ (83).
And [recall] when We took the covenant from the Children of Israel, [enjoining upon them], “Do not worship except Allah ; and to parents do good and to relatives, orphans, and the needy. And speak to people good [words] and establish prayer and give zakah.” Then you turned away, except a few of you, and you were refusing .(83)
And remember when We took the pact from you [Jews to follow the Tawra and its teachings brought to you through Mousa [AS]’s Tablets]. – “Do not worship except Allah [SWT] and be kind to your parents, orphans, and the needy and talk well to people and establish Salah [Prayers] and give out Zakah [Alms]”. Then you deserted the pact [with Allah [SWT]] and turned your backs to the covenant except a few of the Jews such as Abdullah Ibin Sallam and his companions who believed in Muhammad [SAAS].
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ لَا تَسْفِكُونَ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَلَا تُخْرِجُونَ أَنفُسَكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ (84).
And [recall] when We took your covenant, [saying], “Do not shed each other’s blood or evict one another from your homes.” Then you acknowledged [this] while you were witnessing (84).
And remember when We took the pact from you [Jews to follow the Tawra and its teachings brought to you through Mousa [AS]’s Tablets]. – “Do not shed the blood of each other nor occupy each others home. To this you profess and to this you witness.
ثُمَّ أَنتُمْ هَٰؤُلَاءِ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَتُخْرِجُونَ فَرِيقًا مِّنكُم مِّن دِيَارِهِمْ تَظَاهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِم بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَإِن يَأْتُوكُمْ أُسَارَىٰ تُفَادُوهُمْ وَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ إِخْرَاجُهُمْ ۚ أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ ۚ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَن يَفْعَلُ ذَٰلِكَ مِنكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (85).
Then, you are those [same ones who are] killing one another and evicting a party of your people from their homes, cooperating against them in sin and aggression. And if they come to you as captives, you ransom them, although their eviction was forbidden to you. So do you believe in part of the Scripture and disbelieve in part? Then what is the recompense for those who do that among you except disgrace in worldly life; and on the Day of Resurrection they will be sent back to the severest of punishment. And Allah is not unaware of what you do (85).
Then you Jews who lived during the era [570-632 CE] of the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] kill yourselves and kill one another and expel a group of you own kind from their homes cooperating in sin and aggression. And if they come to you as captives you demand a ransom from them despite their expulsion being forbidden by Allah [SWT]. Do you Jews believe in parts of the Tawra and disbelieve in other parts?
The Jewish tribes in the Arabian Peninsula: Banu Qaynuqah allied with the Arab tribe Al Khazraj and Banu Al Nadheer & Banu Quraidhah allied with the Arab tribe Al Aws went to war against each other. The Jewish tribes supported the Arab warring tribes against each other with great bloodshed. However the Jews banished to the Levant and captured during the same wars were ransomed as commanded by the Tawra. The penalty for this kind of behavior in the worldly lifetime is shame, banishment and calamity while on the Day of Resurrection, such people shall be reverted to the most intense [type] of torment.
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ ۖ فَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنصَرُونَ (86).
Those are the ones who have bought the life of this world [in exchange] for the Hereafter, so the punishment will not be lightened for them, nor will they be aided (86).
Those are the buyers of this worldly life bartering it with the Hereafter, thus their torment shall not be mitigated nor will they be helped.
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَقَفَّيْنَا مِن بَعْدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ ۖ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ۗ أَفَكُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَىٰ أَنفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ (87).
And We did certainly give Moses the Torah and followed up after him with messengers. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs and supported him with the Pure Spirit. But is it [not] that every time a messenger came to you, [O Children of Israel], with what your souls did not desire, you were arrogant? And a party [of messengers] you denied and another party you killed (87).
And We Bestowed upon Mousa [AS] the Tawra followed by Messengers after him. And We Bestowed upon Jesus [Issa, AS] the Son of Mary evidences [miracles from Allah [SWT]] and testimony [the Bible, Al Injeel]
Backed by the Holy Spirit [Arch Angel Jibreel [Gabriel, AS]. So every time [You Jews] receive a Messenger whom you dislike, you show arrogance and some of these Messengers you deny [such as Prophets Issa and Muhammad], while others you murder [such as Prophets Zakariyyah and Yahya].
وَقَالُوا قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ ۚ بَل لَّعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَقَلِيلًا مَّا يُؤْمِنُونَ (88).
And they said, “Our hearts are wrapped.” But, [in fact], Allah has cursed them for their disbelief, so little is it that they believe (88).
The Jews said to the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] mockingly, “Our hearts are shrouded and enveloped – so that real faith does not enter !! – But rather Allah [SWT] Cursed them for their blasphemous act and for so little belief the Jews showed the Messenger of Allah [SWT].
وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ كِتَابٌ مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِّمَا مَعَهُمْ وَكَانُوا مِن قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُم مَّا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ ۚ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ(89).
And when there came to them a Book from Allah confirming that which was with them – although before they used to pray for victory against those who disbelieved – but [then] when there came to them that which they recognized, they disbelieved in it; so the curse of Allah will be upon the disbelievers (89).
And upon [seeing and reading] the Qur’an revealed by Allah [SWT] to the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] which came to confirm and corroborate what had already been sent down through Mousa [AS] and Issa [AS], that is, the Tawra and Injeel. Previously the Jews and later on the Christians used to ask Allah [SWT] for victory in their battles and campaigns. However, once they came to know the “Final” of Messengers – Muhammad [SAAS] whose description was given in their Holy Books, they disbelieved in him. For this disobedience and intransigence, Allah [SWT] Placed His Curse on them.
بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنفُسَهُمْ أَن يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ بَغْيًا أَن يُنَزِّلَ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ۖ فَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَىٰ غَضَبٍ ۚ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ (90).
How wretched is that for which they sold themselves – that they would disbelieve in what Allah has revealed through [their] outrage that Allah would send down His favor upon whom He wills from among His servants. So they returned having [earned] wrath upon wrath. And for the disbelievers is a humiliating punishment (90).
It is both miserable and despicable that they [the Jews and Christians who followed them] sold their souls – disbelieving in what Allah [SWT] has revealed – which did not include them – but rather what He [SWT] Had Chosen from amongst His obedient servants, Muhammad [SAAS]. To their rage and indignation they returned with envy, jealousy and animosity toward Muhammad [SAAS] because he was the obedient servant that Allah [SWT] Chose. So they returned with the Wrath of Allah [SWT] doubled. And for this blasphemy they shall get degrading and shameful torment [On the Day of Judgement].
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آمِنُوا بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا نُؤْمِنُ بِمَا أُنزِلَ عَلَيْنَا وَيَكْفُرُونَ بِمَا وَرَاءَهُ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا مَعَهُمْ ۗ قُلْ فَلِمَ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنبِيَاءَ اللَّهِ مِن قَبْلُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ (91).
And when it is said to them, “Believe in what Allah has revealed,” they say, “We believe [only] in what was revealed to us.” And they disbelieve in what came after it, while it is the truth confirming that which is with them. Say, “Then why did you kill the prophets of Allah before, if you are [indeed] believers?” (91).
And when it is Said to the Jews living at the time of Muhammad [SAAS] [Through the Arch Angel Jibreel [AS], who carried the Word of Allah [SWT]], “ Believe in what Allah [SWT] Has Revealed”, they said, “we believe only in the Tawra” and repudiate and blaspheme both the Injeel and the Qur’an which were revealed later in time. This despite the fact that these Holy books corroborated what was revealed in the Tawra. O Muhammad say to them, “Why did you murder the previous Prophets of Allah [SWT] if you were true believers?”
وَلَقَدْ جَاءَكُم مُّوسَىٰ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ مِن بَعْدِهِ وَأَنتُمْ ظَالِمُونَ (92).
And Moses had certainly brought you clear proofs. Then you took the calf [in worship] after that, while you were wrongdoers (92).
And Mousa [AS] came to you Jews with comprehensible and clear signs as described in the Tawra you however took the golden horned calf as a god to worship after receiving the Tawra and you were the oppressors in this act.
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاسْمَعُوا ۖ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَأُشْرِبُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْعِجْلَ بِكُفْرِهِمْ ۚ قُلْ بِئْسَمَا يَأْمُرُكُم بِهِ إِيمَانُكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ (93).
And [recall] when We took your covenant and raised over you the mount, [saying], “Take what We have given you with determination and listen.” They said [instead], “We hear and disobey.” And their hearts absorbed [the worship of] the calf because of their disbelief. Say, “How wretched is that which your faith enjoins upon you, if you should be believers.” (93).
And remember when Allah [SWT] took the Covenant from the Jews and Raised the Tour Mountain [See Explanation of Ayah 63 above] take what We have Given you firmly and listen in obedience. The Jews in response said we shall listen and disobey and they had the calf instilled in their hearts for their blasphemy. O Muhammad [SAAS] Say to the Jews, “What miserable and despicable attitude is that which your “calf-worship faith” commands you if you claim to be “faithful” !!
قُلْ إِن كَانَتْ لَكُمُ الدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ عِندَ اللَّهِ خَالِصَةً مِّن دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا الْمَوْتَ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (94).
Say, [O Muhammad], “If the home of the Hereafter with Allah is for you alone and not the [other] people, then wish for death, if you should be truthful (94).
O Muhammad [SAAS] Say to the Jews, “If the Hereafter with Allah [SWT] is exclusively for you then hope for death if you are sincere. This is because hoping for death is more beloved to a believer than life when he/she is sincerely convinced that this hope with faith & righteous deeds leads the believer to becoming a Janna dweller.
According to Abdullah Ibin Abbas [RAA] reporting from the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] saying, “If the Jews were to wish for their death then they would die and would see their seating in the Hell Fire.
وَلَن يَتَمَنَّوْهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ (95).
But they will never wish for it, ever, because of what their hands have put forth. And Allah is Knowing of the wrongdoers (95).
However, the Jews shall never hope for death because of what their hands forwarded in their lifetime and Allah [SWT] is All-Knowing of the oppressors and persecutors.
وَلَتَجِدَنَّهُمْ أَحْرَصَ النَّاسِ عَلَىٰ حَيَاةٍ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا ۚ يَوَدُّ أَحَدُهُمْ لَوْ يُعَمَّرُ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمُزَحْزِحِهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ أَن يُعَمَّرَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ (96).
And you will surely find them the most greedy of people for life – [even] more than those who associate others with Allah . One of them wishes that he could be granted life a thousand years, but it would not remove him in the least from the [coming] punishment that he should be granted life. And Allah is Seeing of what they do (96).
And you O Muhammad [SAAS] shall certainly find the Jews jealously observant of people seeking life even more than polytheists and paganists. Any one of them would hope to live a thousand years but despite that they shall not be spared the torment [of the Hell Fire] at the Day of Judgement. And Allah [SWT] is observant and discerning of their actions.
قُلْ مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ (97).
Say, “Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel – it is [none but] he who has brought the Qur’an down upon your heart, [O Muhammad], by permission of Allah , confirming that which was before it and as guidance and good tidings for the believers.” (97).
O Muhammad Say, “whosoever is an enemy to Arch Angel Gabriel
[AS], then it is only this Arch Angel who has descended it [the Qur’an] upon your heart [O Muhammad] with the Authority of Allah thus attesting to what was previously revealed [from Holy Books] and guidance and glad tidings for the believers”.
مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّلَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِّلْكَافِرِينَ (98).
Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and His messengers and Gabriel and Michael – then indeed, Allah is an enemy to the disbelievers (98).
Whosoever shows animosity to Allah [SWT] and [All] His Angels and [All] His Messengers and Arch Angel Jibreel [AS] and Angel Mikha’eel [Michael AS] [who is responsible for nourishments for bodies and souls. Mikha’eel is often depicted as the Arch Angel of Mercy who is responsible for bringing rain and thunder to the Earth. In this Ayah, Allah [SWT] Honors both Angels by singling them out from all other Angels and mentions them with His Messengers. And thus whosoever is an enemy to Allah [SWT] and all His Creation from humans and angels then Allah [SWT] shall be an enemy to the blasphemous.
وَلَقَدْ أَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ ۖ وَمَا يَكْفُرُ بِهَا إِلَّا الْفَاسِقُونَ (99).
And We have certainly revealed to you verses [which are] clear proofs, and no one would deny them except the defiantly disobedient (99).
And so We Have Revealed to you O Muhammad [SAAS] [in the Qur’an] Ayat carrying testimony to your Prophecy and only those who deny and disclaim this reality are the philanderers.
أَوَكُلَّمَا عَاهَدُوا عَهْدًا نَّبَذَهُ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُم ۚ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (100).
Is it not [true] that every time they took a covenant a party of them threw it away? But, [in fact], most of them do not believe (100).
Whenever the Jews took a covenant with Allah [SWT] to support the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS], some of them discarded it. Being the majority they are the non-believers.
وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِّمَا مَعَهُمْ نَبَذَ فَرِيقٌ مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُون َ(101).
And when a messenger from Allah came to them confirming that which was with them, a party of those who had been given the Scripture threw the Scripture of Allah behind their backs as if they did not know [what it contained] (101).
And when the Final Messenger Muhammad [SAAS] came to the Jews from Allah [SWT] revealing what the Tawra had earlier revealed to Mousa [AS] about Muhammad [SAAS]. A group of these Jews discarded the Tawra behind their backs as though they had no knowledge of its content.
وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُو الشَّيَاطِينُ عَلَىٰ مُلْكِ سُلَيْمَانَ ۖ وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَيْمَانُ وَلَٰكِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ كَفَرُوا يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ فَلَا تَكْفُرْ ۖ فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ ۚ وَمَا هُم بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنفَعُهُمْ ۚ وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ ۚ وَلَبِئْسَ مَا شَرَوْا بِهِ أَنفُسَهُمْ ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ (102).
And they followed [instead] what the devils had recited during the reign of Solomon. It was not Solomon who disbelieved, but the devils disbelieved, teaching people magic and that which was revealed to the two angels at Babylon, Harut and Marut. But the two angels do not teach anyone unless they say, “We are a trial, so do not disbelieve [by practicing magic].” And [yet] they learn from them that by which they cause separation between a man and his wife. But they do not harm anyone through it except by permission of Allah. And the people learn what harms them and does not benefit them. But the Children of Israel certainly knew that whoever purchased the magic would not have in the Hereafter any share. And wretched is that for which they sold themselves, if they only knew (102).
And the Jews followed what the Shayateen [plural Arabic for the devils] reciting [reading and writing] from magic [blasphemy] during the Reign of Prophet King Sulaiman [AS] [Solomon the son of Prophet King Dawood, David [AS]]. They thought that this was the knowledge that Prophet Sulaiman [AS] had received from Allah [SWT]. Allah [SWT] Responded to them by vindicating Prophet Sulaiman [AS] from the acclaimed sin of dealing with magic and prostrating to the idles, Declaring that it was the Shayateen who blasphemed through teaching people magic and the revelation to the Babylon [Iraq] Angels Haroot & Maroot. These two Angels asked Allah [SWT] to be sent down to Babylon where they had desire and sin instilled unto them so that the love of this city became a trial and tribulation for the people teaching them magic. However, they will not teach anyone or anybody magic until both Angles say we are – by the Command of Allah [SWT] to his worshipers – a trial and temptation, thus do not blaspheme through practicing magic. The two Angels would teach people what causes the separation between a husband and his wife. This nonetheless would not cause any harm to anyone except by the Permission of Allah [SWT]. They would learn what harms and damages them not what keeps them fine and sound. The Jews who already knew what the Shayateen recited instead of the Quran would end up with no share in the hereafter. How despicable and detestable is their purchase of themselves if only they comprehend.
وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا وَاتَّقَوْا لَمَثُوبَةٌ مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ ۖ لَّوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ (103).
And if they had believed and feared Allah , then the reward from Allah would have been [far] better, if they only knew (103).
And had the Jews believed in the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] and observed and feared Allah [SWT] and stayed away from magic and blasphemy, then the Oblation and Requital of Allah [SWT] would be much superior and preferable to Him, if only the Jews had comprehended.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقُولُوا رَاعِنَا وَقُولُوا انظُرْنَا وَاسْمَعُوا ۗ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (104).
O you who have believed, say not [to Allah ‘s Messenger], “Ra’ina” but say, “Unthurna” and listen. And for the disbelievers is a painful punishment (104).
In this Ayah Allah [SWT] Commands the believers to change a word by another in order to expose the Jews who used the same word [Ra’ina which in Arabic means observe us] as an insult and verbal abuse to Muslims who did not know the real meaning of the word “Ra’ina” in the Hebrew vocabulary. Owing to this, Allah [SWT] Commanded the believers: O you who believe do not say to the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] Ra’ina but use the Arabic word “Unthurna” which means come towards us and look at us listening to the Messenger [SAAS] and what he brings by way of the revealed Sharia to believers. As for the blasphemous Jews grievous torment awaits them in the Hereafter.
مَّا يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ خَيْرٍ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ (105).
Neither those who disbelieve from the People of the Scripture nor the polytheists wish that any good should be sent down to you from your Lord. But Allah selects for His mercy whom He wills, and Allah is the possessor of great bounty (105).
Amongst the blasphemous Jews, Christians and Paganists who
Al Shawkani Exegesis – Al Baqarah Ayah 106 to Ayah 202
مَا نَنسَخْ مِنْ آيَةٍ أَوْ نُنسِهَا نَأْتِ بِخَيْرٍ مِّنْهَا أَوْ مِثْلِهَا ۗ أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (106).
We do not abrogate a verse or cause it to be forgotten except that We bring forth [one] better than it or similar to it. Do you not know that Allah is over all things competent ? (106) .
Allah [SWT] Affirms in this Ayah His Prerogative to repeal and rescind any revealed Ayah [linguistically, grammatically or from the Sharia rulings point of view] or cause it to be forgotten only to replace it by another Ayah or by a similar one. O Muhammad [SAAS] are you not aware that Allah [SWT] is the Capable over all things.
أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۗ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ مِن وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ(107).
Do you not know that to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and [that] you have not besides Allah any protector or any helper ? (107).
O Muhammad [SAAS] are you not aware that Allah [SWT] is the Proprietor of the Realms of the Heavens and Earth? And you [believers] have no custodian or allay except Allah [SWT].
أَمْ تُرِيدُونَ أَن تَسْأَلُوا رَسُولَكُمْ كَمَا سُئِلَ مُوسَىٰ مِن قَبْلُ ۗ وَمَن يَتَبَدَّلِ الْكُفْرَ بِالْإِيمَانِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ (108).
Or do you intend to ask your Messenger as Moses was asked before? And whoever exchanges faith for disbelief has certainly strayed from the soundness of the way (108).
Or do you [Muslim Believers] want to request your Messenger Muhammad [SAAS] the same request the Jews wanted from Prophet Mousa [AS], namely to let them see Allah [SWT] with their own eyes and whosoever replaces blasphemy instead of faith in Allah [SWT] and belief in His Messenger [SAAS] goes astray from the righteous path.
وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُم مِّن بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِّنْ عِندِ أَنفُسِهِم مِّن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ ۖ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
(109).
Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from themselves [even] after the truth has become clear to them. So pardon and overlook until Allah delivers His command. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent (109).
Many of the people of the Book [Jews & Christians] wish that you [Muslims] revert to blasphemy after believing in Allah [SWT] and Muhammad [SAAS] being envious of the Muslims despite the appearance of the truth [in the Revelation of the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS]]. Thus pardon and forgive until Allah [SWT] brings down His Command. Verily Allah [SWT] is the Competent over all things.
وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ۚ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُوا لِأَنفُسِكُم مِّنْ خَيْرٍ تَجِدُوهُ عِندَ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (110).
And establish prayer and give zakah, and whatever good you put forward for yourselves – you will find it with Allah. Indeed, Allah of what you do, is Seeing (110).
And perform Salat [five-times daily Prayers] and establish giving Zakat [paying Alms]. And any goodness and virtuosity you [believers] present to yourselves*, you shall find with Allah [SWT]. Verily Allah [SWT] oversees your [worldly] actions and deeds.
(*) Presenting to oneself is through charity, philanthropy and benevolence towards the poor, the sick and the needy.
وَقَالُوا لَن يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مَن كَانَ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَىٰ ۗ تِلْكَ أَمَانِيُّهُمْ ۗ قُلْ هَاتُوا بُرْهَانَكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (111).
And they say, “None will enter Paradise except one who is a Jew or a Christian.” That is [merely] their wishful thinking, Say, “Produce your proof, if you should be truthful “(111) .
And they [the Jews and Christians] said, “No believer shall enter Jannah [Paradise] except those who were Jews or Christians”. Those are their ambitions and aspirations. Say, O Muhammad [SAAS] produce your proof if you are truthful.
بَلَىٰ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لِلَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ فَلَهُ أَجْرُهُ عِندَ رَبِّهِ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (112).
Yes [on the contrary], whoever submits his face in Islam to Allah while being a doer of good will have his reward with his Lord. And no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve (112).
Oh, but yes whosoever faces Allah [SWT] with a philanthropist heart shall have his/her reward with his/her Lord and no fear or grief shall befall them.
وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ لَيْسَتِ النَّصَارَىٰ عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَىٰ لَيْسَتِ الْيَهُودُ عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ وَهُمْ يَتْلُونَ الْكِتَابَ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ قَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِمْ ۚ فَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ (113).
The Jews say “The Christians have nothing [true] to stand on,” and the Christians say, “The Jews have nothing to stand on,” although they [both] recite the Scripture. Thus the polytheists speak the same as their words. But Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that over which they used to differ (113).
The Jews said, “the Christians have nothing to offer” disbelieving in Issa [AS] and the Christians said, the Jews have nothing to offer” disbelieving in Mousa [AS] each reading their respective Holy Books: the Tawra and the Injeel. Despite the fact that each of the Holy Books carries mention and confirmation of the Prophecy of the other Prophet. Likewise the Arab polytheists would say the same to believers, namely, “you have nothing to offer”. However, Allah [SWT] Shall Judge on the Day of Resurrection between them for what they disagreed upon.
وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن مَّنَعَ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ أَن يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ وَسَعَىٰ فِي خَرَابِهَا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ مَا كَانَ لَهُمْ أَن يَدْخُلُوهَا إِلَّا خَائِفِينَ ۚ لَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا خِزْيٌ وَلَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ (114).
And who are more unjust than those who prevent the name of Allah from being mentioned in His mosques and strive toward their destruction. It is not for them to enter them except in fear. For them in this world is disgrace, and they will have in the Hereafter a great punishment (114).
And who are more oppressive than those who prohibit the Name of Allah [SWT] from being uttered inside His Mosques and endeavors in their ruin. [This incident is said to have occurred during the occupation by the Roman Byzantines who destroyed Jerusalem]. Those worshipers enter the Mosques of Allah [SWT] fearing Him only, praying and unifying Him only and in doing so prohibit the blasphemous from causing any harm to these places of Muslim worship. For those who harm the places of worship of Allah [SWT]’s shall endure shame and disgrace in the worldly lifetime and great torment in the Hereater.
وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ ۚ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (115).
And to Allah belongs the east and the west. So wherever you [might] turn, there is the Face of Allah . Indeed, Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing (115).
And Allah [SWT] is the Sole Proprietor of the East [Dawn] and West [Dusk] and thus wherever you turn, you are facing Allah [SWT]. Verily, Allah [SWT] is Capacious and Knowing.
وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا ۗ سُبْحَانَهُ ۖ بَل لَّهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ كُلٌّ لَّهُ قَانِتُونَ (116).
They say, ” Allah has taken a son.” Exalted is He! Rather, to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. All are devoutly obedient to Him (116).
The Jews and Christians said Allah [SWT] assumed a son. Glorified be He [SWT] Who is the Proprietor of the Heavens and Earth as well as all other Creations [Angels, Humans, Animals] and all are devoutly obedient to His Majesty.
بَدِيعُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَإِذَا قَضَىٰ أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُن فَيَكُونُ (117).
Originator of the heavens and the earth. When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, “Be,” and it is (117).
The Adorable Creator of the Heavens and Earth, and If He Decrees something He Would Say Behold and it Will Exist.
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ لَوْلَا يُكَلِّمُنَا اللَّهُ أَوْ تَأْتِينَا آيَةٌ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ قَالَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِم مِّثْلَ قَوْلِهِمْ ۘ تَشَابَهَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ ۗ قَدْ بَيَّنَّا الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ (118).
Those who do not know say, “Why does Allah not speak to us or there come to us a sign?” Thus spoke those before them like their words. Their hearts resemble each other. We have shown clearly the signs to a people who are certain [in faith] (118).
And those who have no knowledge [Arab pagans] said if only Allah [SWT] talks to us about Muhammad [SAAS] and his Prophecy or sends us an Ayah [sign] relating to the same matter. Those who came before them [Jews & Christians] said the same so that their hearts are similar in intention. Allah [SWT] has thus articulated the Ayat for a folk who realize the truth [of the Revelation].
إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ (119).
Indeed, We have sent you, [O Muhammad], with the truth as a bringer of good tidings and a warner, and you will not be asked about the companions of Hellfire (119).
Verily We Have Sent you O Muhammad [SAAS] with the Quran [the True Revelation] as a harbinger and as an omen and [therefore] you shall not be asked about the [actions and deeds] of the dwellers of the Hellfire.
وَلَن تَرْضَىٰ عَنكَ الْيَهُودُ وَلَا النَّصَارَىٰ حَتَّىٰ تَتَّبِعَ مِلَّتَهُمْ ۗ قُلْ إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدَىٰ ۗ وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُم بَعْدَ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ ۙ مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِن وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ (120).
And never will the Jews or the Christians approve of you until you follow their religion. Say, “Indeed, the guidance of Allah is the [only] guidance.” If you were to follow their desires after what has come to you of knowledge, you would have against Allah no protector or helper (120).
This is a Decree from Allah [SWT] that the Jews and Christians shall never ever be satisfied with you O Muhammad [SAAS] until you follow their denomination, Say, “Verily the Guidance of Allah [SWT] is the True Guidance, “and if you were to follow the whims and passions of the Jews and Christians [expressed in the forging and counterfeiting of their Holy Books and opinions] after what was Revealed to you in the way of Knowledge and Truth [in the Quran] then you shall have from Allah [SWT] no Guardian or Protector.
الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلَاوَتِهِ أُولَٰئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ۗ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ (121).
Those to whom We have given the Book recite it with its true recital. They [are the ones who] believe in it. And whoever disbelieves in it – it is they who are the losers (121).
This Ayah was revealed to the Muslim believers who were able and did recite the Quran in the correct way and who followed its provisions and rulings fearing and being conscious of Allah [SWT]. These believers are the true believers in Allah [SWT] and His Messenger [SAAS]. And whosoever disbelieves in the Quran is amongst the losers on the Day of Judgement.
يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَنِّي فَضَّلْتُكُمْ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ (122).
O Children of Israel, remember My favor which I have bestowed upon you and that I preferred you over the worlds (122) .
واتقوا يوما لا تجزي نفس عن نفس شيئا ولا يقبل منها عدل ولا تنفعها شفاعة ولا هم ينصرون (123).
And fear a Day when no soul will suffice for another soul at all, and no compensation will be accepted from it, nor will any intercession benefit it, nor will they be aided (123).
These two Ayat are similar to Ayat 47 & 48 [called Mutashabihat in Arabic] and its exegesis was reported in the first quotation. Burhad Eldeen Al Biqa’i – a Muslim Scholar 809-885 AH – said that the repetition is an indication, emphasis and warning from Allah [SWT] that His Graces Bestowed upon the Jews may change to Curses because of their actions and deeds particularly towards the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS].
وَإِذِ ابْتَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ ۖ قَالَ إِنِّي جَاعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا ۖ قَالَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِي ۖ قَالَ لَا يَنَالُ عَهْدِي الظَّالِمِينَ (124).
And [mention, O Muhammad], when Abraham was tried by his Lord with commands and he fulfilled them. [ Allah ] said, “Indeed, I will make you a leader for the people.” [Abraham] said, “And of my descendants?” [ Allah ] said, “My covenant does not include the wrongdoers.” (124).
This Ayah is the first mention of Prophet Ibraheem [Abraham] [AS] where Allah [SWT] tested the faith and resilience of Ibraheem [AS] by Calling Upon him to become a chieftain of his people or [Imam in Arabic]. Ibraheem [AS] questioned Allah [SWT] what about my offspring? Allah [SWT] Said, My Oath Shall Not Be Received by the unjust and the oppressors.
وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِن مَّقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى ۖ وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَن طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ (125).
And [mention] when We made the House a place of return for the people and [a place of] security. And take, [O believers], from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer. And We charged Abraham and Ishmael, [saying], “Purify My House for those who perform Tawaf and those who are staying [there] for worship and those who bow and prostrate [in prayer]. “ (125).
“And so We Have Made My House [the Grand Mosque in Makkah; Al Masjid Al Haram in Arabic] a place of return and security for the pilgrims taking the position of Ibraheem [AS] near the Ka’ba [Maqam Ibraheem [AS] in Arabic”: where he and his elder son Isma’eel [AS] Ishmael built the four cubicle walls of the Ka’ba] as a place of worship. The pilgrims [Hujaj or Mu’tamiroon in Arabic] perform their seven circumambulations around the Ka’ba [Tawaf in Arabic] – which is one of the basic duties to be executed in Hajj or Umrah – offer a two-raka’a prayer [bowing and prostrating] upon ending Tawaf preferably behind Maqam Ibraheem [AS].
According to Omar Ibin Al Khattab [RAA] quoting the Prophet of Allah [SAAS] who said: “This is Maqam Ibraheem”. Omar [RAA] questioned the Messenger [SAAS]: “Do we not take this Maqam as a prayer place O Messenger of Allah [SAAS]?” In response to this dialogue, this particular Ayah [125] was revealed thus coinciding with Omar’s [RAA] wish and prediction.
And We Have Commanded Ibraheem and Isma’eel: “To sanctify My House for those [pilgrims] who are 1. Circumambulating, 2. Residents [at the Ka’ba], 3. Bowing in prayer 4. Prostrating in prayer. At the same time keeping out the blasphemous, the idols, all evils and all impurities from the House of Allah [SWT].
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَٰذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُم بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۖ قَالَ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ النَّارِ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ (126)
And [mention] when Abraham said, “My Lord, make this a secure city and provide its people with fruits – whoever of them believes in Allah and the Last Day.” [ Allah ] said. “And whoever disbelieves – I will grant him enjoyment for a little; then I will force him to the punishment of the Fire, and wretched is the destination.” (126).
In this Ayah Prophet Ibraheem [AS] supplicates to his Lord [SWT] to Make Makkah a safe, secure and peaceful city and sustain its residents who believe in Him and the Last Day [Day of Judgement] with fruits and benefits. Allah [SWT] replied “and whosoever disbelieves then I shall pleasure him nominally then I shall coerce him into the Fire torment and to the miserable and despicable final destiny”.
وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (127).
And [mention] when Abraham was raising the foundations of the House and [with him] Ishmael, [saying], “Our Lord, accept [this] from us. Indeed You are the Hearing, the Knowing (127).
And thus Ibraheem [AS] and Isma’eel [AS] worked to raise the foundations of Al Masjid Al Haram upon which the walls and other structures were built. “O Lord accept this [descent and exclusive] act, Verily You Are The All Hearing of our supplication; The All Knowing of our intentions”.
رَبَّنَا وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُّسْلِمَةً لَّكَ وَأَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا وَتُبْ عَلَيْنَا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (128).
Our Lord, and make us Muslims [in submission] to You and from our descendants a Muslim nation [in submission] to You. And show us our rites and accept our repentance. Indeed, You are the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful (128).
The supplication of Ibraheem [AS] continues [from the previous Ayah] to Allah [SWT] to make him and his son, Prophet Isma’eel [AS] more submissive to Him and for their offspring to be a submissive nation to Him [SWT]. It is said that the nation referred to as the Muslim nation of Muhammad [SAAS] made up of the Arabs of the Middle East who descended from Prophets Ibraheem [AS] and Isma’eel [AS]. And O Lord Show us our rites [practices] during Hajj.
According to Mujahid Ibn Jubair Al Makki [Amongst the Earliest Quran Exegesis Scholars – Deceased – 100 A.H.] who was a diligent student and follower of Abdullah Ibn Abbas [RAA]. When Prophet Ibraheem [AS] said O Lord Show us our rites, Jibreel [AS] descended and showed Ibraheem [AS] and Isma’eel [AS] how, where and what to build Al Masjid Al Haram. Jibreel [AS] then took Ibraheem [AS] by hand and set out towards Mina [one of the rites of Hajj]. There at Al Jamart-Tul-Kubra [or Jamrat Al Aqaba] they saw Iblees [another name for Shaytan in Arabic] standing by the tree. Jibreel [AS] told Ibraheem [AS] to say “Allahu Akbar” [Allah is Greatest] and stone Iblees, and so he did. Ibraheem [AS] then followed Iblees to Jamarat Al Wosta [Middle Jamrah] and did the same. He then went to the Small Jamarat and made Takbeer and stoned Iblees there and for the third and final time.
Jibreel [AS] then took Ibraheem [AS] by the hand to Al Mash’ar Al Haram or Al Muzdalifah. Jibreel [AS] then guided Ibraheem [AS] to Arafat area [where the pilgrims stay for one day praying and supplicating from sunrise to sunset]. Jibreel [AS] then told Ibraheem [AS] three times…”Are you clear about what I have shown you, repeating this phrase three times?” Ibraheem [AS] replied Jibreel [AS], “Yes, I am clear”. Jibreel [AS] told Ibraheem [AS] now Call for Hajj. Ibraheem [AS] questioned, “How do I do that?” Jibreel [AS] replied, Say, “O you people [pilgrims] respond to your Lord [SWT]. And so the pilgrims answered their Lord [SWT], “we comply, O Lord [SWT], we comply”. Jibreel [AS] concluded that whosoever responded to Ibraheem’s Call for performing Hajj, then he/she shall become a Haaj [A Muslim Pilgrim completing the rites of Hajj].
رَبَّنَا وَابْعَثْ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِكَ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ ۚ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (129).
Our Lord, and send among them a messenger from themselves who will recite to them Your verses and teach them the Book and wisdom and purify them. Indeed, You are the Exalted in Might, the Wise” (129) .
O Our Lord – A supplication by Ibraheem [AS] and Isma’eel [AS] – Send a Messenger from the Arabs of Al Jazeera belonging to our offspring. And so Allah [SWT] responded to the call of Ibraheem [AS] and Isma’eel [AS] and Sent Muhammad [SAAS] the Arab Prophet and Messenger who upon receiving the Revelation of the Quran began reciting its Ayat to the believers in Makkah and Medina teaching them its exegesis, its provisions and its wisdom in order to cleanse and commend them from paganism and other sins. Allah [SWT] is the All Mighty, the All Wise.
وَمَن يَرْغَبُ عَن مِّلَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَّا مَن سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ ۚ وَلَقَدِ اصْطَفَيْنَاهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ (130).
And who would be averse to the religion of Abraham except one who makes a fool of himself. And We had chosen him in this world, and indeed he, in the Hereafter, will be among the righteous (130).
And nobody turns away from the denomination of Ibraheem [AS] except he/she who is shameless and brazen of him/herself. Allah [SWT] Has Declaired, “We Have Selected Ibraheem [AS] in this [earthly] world and verily he shall be amongst the righteous in the Hereafter”.
إِذْ قَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ أَسْلِمْ ۖ قَالَ أَسْلَمْتُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِين(131).
When his Lord said to him, “Submit”, he said “I have submitted [in Islam] to the Lord of the worlds.” (131).
When Allah [SWT] told Ibraheem [AS] Submit to Your Lord [SWT], Ibraheem [AS] said in response to Allah [SWT]’s Command, “I have sumitted to You, Allah [SWT], the Lord of the Worlds.
وَوَصَّىٰ بِهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ يَا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَىٰ لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنتُم مُّسْلِمُونَ (132).
And Abraham instructed his sons [to do the same] and [so did] Jacob, [saying], “O my sons, indeed Allah has chosen for you this religion, so do not die except while you are Muslims.” (132).
And Allah [SWT] Commanded Ibraheem [AS] and his sons Isma’eel [AS] and Is’haaq [Isaac] [AS] and Ya’qoob [Jacob] [AS] [the son of Is’haaq] and the thirteen sons of Ya’qoob, “O my sons stick to the denomination of Islam – all of you Submitting to the Lord of the Worlds [SWT] – Who Has Selected Islam for all of you. Thus do not depart this religion even upon your death”.
أَمْ كُنتُمْ شُهَدَاءَ إِذْ حَضَرَ يَعْقُوبَ الْمَوْتُ إِذْ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن بَعْدِي قَالُوا نَعْبُدُ إِلَٰهَكَ وَإِلَٰهَ آبَائِكَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ إِلَٰهًا وَاحِدًا وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ (133).
Or were you witnesses when death approached Jacob, when he said to his sons, “What will you worship after me?” They said, “We will worship your God and the God of your fathers, Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac – one God. And we are Muslims [in submission] to Him.” (133).
The Speech – from Allah [SWT] – is directed to the Jews and Christians who claim that Ibraheem [AS] and his sons Isma’eel [AS] and Is’haaq [AS] are of the same Jewish and Christian religious persuasion. Allah [SWT] Responding to this falsification by Saying, “Did you witness Ya’qoob’s [AS] instructions to his twelve sons [collectively known as Al Asbaat: plural in Arabic for Al Sibt] when he was approaching death or are you slandering and slurring him”?
Ya’qoob [AS] asked his sons, “Who will you worship after I die”? “They replied we will worship Allah [SWT] through the religion of your father Is’haaq [AS] and forefathers Ibraheem [AS], Isma’eel [AS]. And so Ya’qoob [AS] took the oath from his sons that they submit to the only Lord of the Worlds, Allah [SWT] and worship Him without association. He in return witnessed their oath that they will live and die as Muslims.
تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ ۖ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَلَكُم مَّا كَسَبْتُمْ ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُونَ عَمَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (134).
That was a nation which has passed on. It will have [the consequence of] what it earned, and you will have what you have earned. And you will not be asked about what they used to do (134).
That was a nation – in reference to Ibraheem [AS] and his sons Isma’eel [AS] and Is’haaq [AS] as well as Yaq’oob and his sons – that has moved on in history. That nation shall reap what it earned and you shall reap what you earned which is a warning to the Jews and Christians who refused to follow the religion of the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] and claimed that they were descendants of to the Prophet Saleh [AS] and the Tribe of Thamood. The implication of this Ayah is that the sons shall not be judged or questioned by the actions and deeds of the fathers and vise versa..
وَقَالُوا كُونُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَىٰ تَهْتَدُوا ۗ قُلْ بَلْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا ۖ وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (135).
They say, “Be Jews or Christians [so] you will be guided.” Say, “Rather, [we follow] the religion of Abraham, inclining toward truth, and he was not of the polytheists.” (135).
And they – the Jews and Christians – said to the Muslim believers in the Final Prophet of Allah [SWT] Muhammad [SAAS] be Jews and Christians and you’ll be guided to the truth. O Muhammad [SAAS] say but Ibraheem [AS]’s denomination is the true Haneefiyyah religion [which is far from the other obsolete, worthless and ineffective worldly religions which preach falsehood] and he was neither amongst the paganist nor amongst polytheists.
قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ وَمَا أُوتِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِّنْهُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ (136).
Say, [O believers], “We have believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us and what has been revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Descendants and what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we are Muslims [in submission] to Him” (136).
O Muhammad [SAAS] say to the believers in you and in the Revelation, “We have submitted to Allah [SWT] and believed in Him and in what was Revealed to Muhammad [SAAS] and what was Revealed to Ibraheem [AS] and Isma’eel [AS] and Is’haaq [AS] and Yaq’oob [AS] and his twelve sons [known as Al As’baat: plural in Arabic; Al Sibt in Judaism means a group of people and is equivalent to a tribe in Arabic/Islamic Culture] and the Messages that were brought down to Mousa [AS] and Issa [AS] and the other Prophets [AS] from their Lord [SWT]. We as Muslims do not discriminate between any of the Prophets that Allah [SWT] sent to humanity and the Holy Scriptures and Revelations descended by Him [SWT]. Unlike the Jews and Christians who used to believe some Prophets and disbelieve others as well as denying the authenticity of some of the Holy Books.
According to the narration of the Companion [Sahabi in Arabic] Abu Hurairah [Abul Rahman Bin Sakhar Al Dawsi:19 BH – 57AH; who was amongst the outstanding Companions memorizing and reporting most of Prophet Muhammad’s Hadeeth and Sunnah] who has quoted the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] as saying to the believers, “ Do not believe or falsify the people of the Book [Jews and Christians] just say we believe in Allah [SWT] and submit to Him only”.
فَإِنْ آمَنُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا آمَنتُم بِهِ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَوا ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا هُمْ فِي شِقَاقٍ ۖ فَسَيَكْفِيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (137).
So if they believe in the same as you believe in, then they have been [rightly] guided; but if they turn away, they are only in dissension, and Allah will be sufficient for you against them. And He is the Hearing, the Knowing (137).
Thus if the Jews and Christians believed in what you have believed in – that is – Muslims do not discriminate between any of the Prophets that Allah [SWT] sent to humanity and the Holy Scriptures and Revelations descended by Him [SWT] then the Jews and Christians would be guided to righteous path. If on the other hand they turn their backs to this invitation, then they shall be in discord and dissension and Allah [SWT] Will Be The Sufficient Protector of you [O Muhammad [SAAS]] And He [SWT] is the All Hearing, the All Knowing.
صِبْغَةَ اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ صِبْغَةً ۖ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ عَابِدُونَ (138).
And say, “Ours is] the religion of Allah. And who is better than Allah in [ordaining] religion? And we are worshippers of Him” (138).
Say O Muhammad [SAAS], “We Muslims belong to the tincture and nature of Allah [SWT]”. And who is “better” than this tincture and we are all worshippers to Him [SWT].
قُلْ أَتُحَاجُّونَنَا فِي اللَّهِ وَهُوَ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمْ وَلَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُخْلِصُونَ (139).
Say, [O Muhammad], “Do you argue with us about Allah while He is our Lord and your Lord? For us are our deeds, and for you are your deeds. And we are sincere [in deed and intention] to Him.” (139).
Say O Muhammad [SAAS], “do you dispute and argue with us about the religion of Allah [SWT] knowing that we and you [Jews and Christians] are all the same as His Creation [SWT] and thus we are all equals in Worshiping Him [SWT]. So how can you claim that you have priority with Allah [SWT] over us? And our actions and deeds are our own and your actions and deeds are yours and we are the sincere people in our Worship to Allah [SWT] since we have not disbelieved or associated a deity with Him [SWT] like you have over your existence”.
أَمْ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطَ كَانُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَىٰ ۗ قُلْ أَأَنتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ اللَّهُ ۗ وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن كَتَمَ شَهَادَةً عِندَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (140).
Or do you say that Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Descendants were Jews or Christians? Say, “Are you more
knowing or is Allah ?” And who is more unjust than one who conceals a testimony he has from Allah ? And Allah is not unaware of what you do (140).
Or do you claim that Ibraheem [AS] and Isma’eel [AS] and Is’haaq [AS] and Ya’qoob [AS] and Al Asbaat [Sons of Ya’qoob] were all Jews and Christians. Say O Muhammad, “are you more knowledgeable of your forefathers or is Allah [SWT]? And who could be more intransigent and unjust than one who hides an attestation from Allah [SWT]. Allah [SWT] is not oblivious and unmindful of your [the Jews and Christians] actions.
Ayah 141 is identical to Ayah 134 – called Mutashabihat in Arabic.
سَيَقُولُ السُّفَهَاءُ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَن قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا ۚ قُل لِّلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ ۚ يَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ (142).
The foolish among the people will say, “What has turned them away from their qiblah, which they used to face?” Say, “To Allah belongs the east and the west. He guides whom He wills to a straight path.” (142).
The foolish from the Jews and the hypocrites will say, “What turned the Muslims from their Qib’lah [the sacred direction of Muslim prayers] originally towards Jerusalem to that in the direction of Al Ka’bah(*)?”. “Say O Muhammad [SAAS] to these mindless double faced people, To Allah [SWT] Belongs the Sunrise and Sunset and it is He Who Choses the direction for Muslim prayers and Guides whomever He Wills to a Righteous Path.”
(*) Al Ka’bah is the cuboid built of stone located at the center Al Masjid Al Haram [Grand Mosque] in Makkah. This is the most sacred of all Muslim places and is the Qib’lah of all practicing Muslims worldwide.
وَكَذَٰلِكَ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِّتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًا ۗ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنتَ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّن يَنقَلِبُ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ ۚ وَإِن كَانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ ۗ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمَانَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ (143).
And thus we have made you a just community that you will be witnesses over the people and the Messenger will be a witness over you. And We did not make the qiblah which you used to face except that We might make evident who would follow the Messenger from who would turn back on his heels. And indeed, it is difficult except for those whom Allah has guided. And never would Allah have caused you to lose your faith. Indeed Allah is, to the people, Kind and Merciful (143).
“And so We Have Made your nation a Just and Center Nation [amongst other nations] so that you may bear witness on peoples of other nations and the Messenger [SAAS] will be witnessing his proclamation to the people of the book (*). And We Did Not Make the Qib’lah that you and the believers previously followed [in the direction of Jerusalem] except to discern the true believers who followed the Messenger [SAAS] from infidels, apostates and hypocrites.” And this [change in Qib’lah from Jerusalem to Al Ka’bah’] was difficult and unimaginable except for the believers who followed Muhammad [SAAS] and were Guided by the Grace of Allah [SWT]. Allah [SWT] Promises the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] and the believers that the change of Qib’lah shall not cause them to lose their faith but – to the contrary – strengthen it since it is a Miraculous Sign from Allah [SWT] to His worshipers. Allah [SWT] is the All Benignant, the All Merciful with His Creation.
(*) As reported by Imam Al Shawkani the nation of Muhammad [SAAS] shall witness other nations. In this exclusivity of witnessing it is narrated that the
Messenger of Allah [SAAS] said, “On the Day of Resurrection Prophet Nooh Noah [AS] Shall Be Summoned and Asked by Allah [SWT], “Have you proclaimed Islam to your people? He said yes”. The people of Nooh [AS] were then Summoned and asked by Allah [SWT], “Did you get a proclamation from your Prophet? They said, no, no omen came to warn us. Nobody came to us”. Allah [SWT] Said to Prophet Nooh [AS],“Who will witness on you? Prophet Nooh [AS] said, Prophet Mohammad [SAAS] and his nation shall be the witnesses.
قَدْ نَرَىٰ تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ ۖ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا ۚ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۚ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ ۗ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ لَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ (144).
We have certainly seen the turning of your face, [O Muhammad], toward the heaven, and We will surely turn you to a qiblah with which you will be pleased. So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram. And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it [in prayer]. Indeed, those who have been given the Scripture well know that it is the truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do (144).
“O Muhammad [SAAS] We Have Seen your face wondering in the sky and so We Have Selected for you a Qib’lah which you shall accept (*), thus turn your face [in prayers from Jerusalem] towards Al Masjid Al Haram [where Al Ka’bah is located] and you believers – wherever you might be – turn in your prayers towards Al Ka’bah”. “Verily the Jews and Christians know that this is the truth from their Lord [SWT] through their Scriptures and/or Prophets and Allah [SWT] is Not Oblivious of what they [the people of the Book –Jews and Christians] do”.
(*) According to the narration of Al Bara’ Bin Malik [RAA] [Deceased 20 AH who is the brother of Anas Bin Malik [RAA], the servant of the Prophet [SAAS]] that the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] upon his arrival in Medina after his migration from Makkah [First year of Al Hijra / 622 AD] directed his prayers towards Jerusalem for about 16 to 17 months. However his heart was hung on Makkah and wanted to turn the Qib’lah towards Al Ka’ba in Al Masjid Al Haram. As soon as Ayah 144 was revealed the Prophet [SAAS] and all those praying with him turned towards Al Ka’ba. That was during Asr prayer of that great day in Islamic history.
وَلَئِنْ أَتَيْتَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ بِكُلِّ آيَةٍ مَّا تَبِعُوا قِبْلَتَكَ ۚ وَمَا أَنتَ بِتَابِعٍ قِبْلَتَهُمْ ۚ وَمَا بَعْضُهُم بِتَابِعٍ قِبْلَةَ بَعْضٍ ۚ وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُم مِّن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ ۙ إِنَّكَ إِذًا لَّمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ (145).
And if you brought to those who were given the Scripture every sign, they would not follow your qiblah. Nor will you be a follower of their qiblah. Nor would they be followers of one another’s qiblah. So if you were to follow their desires after what has come to you of knowledge, indeed, you would then be among the wrongdoers (145).
And if you were to bring them [Jews and Christians] any Ayah revealed in the Qur’an relating to the change of the Qib’lah and hence the direction of prayers such as Ayah 144, they [because of sheer jealousy, stubbornness and insurrection] will not listen to the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] and his reasoning and follow the truth of the Qib’lah in Makkah. At the same time the Messenger [SAAS] shall and will not follow their prayer directions [Jews towards Jerusalem and Christians towards Sunrise] and the Jews and Christians each shall not follow each other’s prayer directions. And if you, Mohammad [SAAS] were to follow their whims after what was revealed to you through the knowledge of the Qur’an then you will be amongst the unjust and wrongful.
الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ ۖ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِّنْهُمْ لَيَكْتُمُونَ الْحَقَّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ (146).
Those to whom We gave the Scripture know him as they know their own sons. But indeed, a party of them conceal the truth while they know [it] (146).
Those Jews and Christians who know the Messenger of Allah Muhammad [SAAS] as they know their own children. However, some of their religous scholars [Rabbis and Priests] who hide the truth of Muhammad [SAAS]’s Prophecy which the Tawra and Ingeel revealed. [See Ayah 157 in Surat Al A’raf in the Qur’an].
الْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكَ ۖ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ (147).
The truth is from your Lord, so never be among the doubters (147).
The truth of your Prophecy O Muhammad [SAAS] is from your Lord [SWT] as revealed in the Qur’an [and not what the Jews and Christians want to propagate about you]. Therefore, have no doubt or suspicion about what Allah [SWT] has revealed you as the Final Messenger.
وَلِكُلٍّ وِجْهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلِّيهَا ۖ فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرَاتِ ۚ أَيْنَ مَا تَكُونُوا يَأْتِ بِكُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (148).
For each [religious following] is a direction toward which it faces. So race to [all that is] good. Wherever you may be, Allah will bring you forth [for judgement] all together. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent (148).
For each religious denomination [Jews, Christians and Muslims] there is a Qib’lah [See the commentary under Ayat 144 & 145]. Thus compete towards benevolence; wherever you might be Allah [SWT] Shall Resurrect and Summon all of you at once for the Day of Judgement. Verily Allah [SWT] is the All Competent over all things.
وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ وَإِنَّهُ لَلْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكَ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (149).
So from wherever you go out [for prayer, O Muhammad] turn your face toward al- Masjid al-Haram, and indeed, it is the truth from your Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what you do (149).
Thus from wherever you happen to travel [land or sea] turn your face O Muhammad [SAAS] towards Al Masjid Al Haram – Al Ka’bah [for your prayer]. Verily, this is the truth from your Lord [SWT] and Allah [SWT] is not oblivious to what the believers are doing.
وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۚ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْكُمْ حُجَّةٌ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْهُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِي وَلِأُتِمَّ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ (150).
And from wherever you go out [for prayer], turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram. And wherever you [believers] may be, turn your faces toward it in order that the people will not have any argument against you, except for those of them who commit wrong; so fear them not but fear Me. And [it is] so I may complete My favor upon you and that you may be guided (150) .
Thus from wherever you happen to travel [land or sea] turn your face O Muhammad [SAAS] towards Al Masjid Al Haram [for your prayer – the repetition as in the previous Ayah 149 indicates the importance of Allah [SWT]’s Command to the Prophet [SAAS]]. And wherever you Muslim believers happen to be, then turn your faces towards Al Ka’bah inside Al Masjid Al Haram so that the Jews shall not have a pretext or an argument against you, except for the paganists and polytheist of the Arab Peninsula who claimed that Muhammad [SAAS] was confused in his religion and faced our Qib’lah only because we are more “guided” and he will revert – in time – back to our religion like he reverted to our Qib’lah. Thus do not fear them – O Muhammad [SAAS] and the believers with you, but fear Me and let My Favors Be Completed upon you so that you might be Guided.
كَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولًا مِّنكُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُم مَّا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ (151).
Just as We have sent among you a messenger from yourselves reciting to you Our verses and purifying you and teaching you the Book and wisdom and teaching you that which you did not know (151).
Precisely As We Have Sent down to the believers the Revelation of the Qur’an, the Message of Muhammad [SAAS] and the direction of the Qib’lah – all as Favors from Allah [SWT] – We Have Sent Amongst you a Messenger from your lineage reciting Our Ayat, cleansing and commending you and teaching you the Qur’an and wisdom and teaching you that which is beyond your knowledge.
فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ (152).
So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful to Me and do not deny Me (152).
Thus remember Me in your obedience to Me, I Shall Remember you in Rewarding and Forgiving you, Thank Me for my Favors to you and do not disbelieve and blaspheme Me when you’re sinning and transgressing.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ (153).
O you who have believed, seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, Allah is with the patient (153).
O you who have believed [in Allah [SWT], the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] and his Message] seek and enlist help by practicing patients and prayers and performing what Allah [SWT] Has Commanded. Verily Allah [SWT] Shall Be Along Side the patient believers and Shall Fulfil – as He Sees Appropriate – their legitimate needs, hopes and aspirations [in this Worldly Lifetime or in the Hereafter].
وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَن يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتٌ ۚ بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ وَلَٰكِن لَّا تَشْعُرُونَ (154).
And do not say about those who are killed in the way of Allah , “They are dead.” Rather, they are alive, but you perceive [it] not (154).
And do not say deceased – when describing those killed in battle for the Sake of Allah [SWT] – they are actually alive but you do not comprehend or feel it since they are living inside their isthmus until the Day of Resurrection.
وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُم بِشَيْءٍ مِّنَ الْخَوْفِ وَالْجُوعِ وَنَقْصٍ مِّنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَنفُسِ وَالثَّمَرَاتِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الصَّابِرِينَ (155).
And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to the patient (155).
And We Shall certainly Inflict upon you some fear, hunger, reduction in funds, loss in lives and fruits [eg, benefits] and give glad tidings O Muhammad [SAAS] to those who are patient.
الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُم مُّصِيبَةٌ قَالُوا إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ (156).
Who, when disaster strikes them, say, “Indeed we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we will return (156).
Those who upon being stricken by a calamity supplicate to Allah [SWT], Say, “Verily we are the worshippers of Allah [SWT] and to Him we shall be resurrected and revived”.
أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَوَاتٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُهْتَدُونَ (157).
Those are the ones upon whom are blessings from their Lord and mercy. And it is those who are the [rightly] guided (157).
Those [who are and have been patient] their Lord [SWT] shall bestow upon them forgiveness and blessings. These [believers] are the righteously guided ones.
إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِن شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَn عَلَيْهِ أَن يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا ۚ وَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ (158).
Indeed, as-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah . So whoever makes Hajj to the House or performs ‘umrah – there is no blame upon him for walking between them. And whoever volunteers good – then indeed, Allah is appreciative and Knowing.
Al Safa and Al Marwah are two hills nearby Al Ka’bah selected amongst the rituals of Hajj and Umrah by Allah [SWT] [called Sha’aer Allah [SWT] in Arabic]. Thus whoever [of the Muslim believers] performs Hajj at Al Bait [i.e, Al Masjid Al Haram] or performs Umrah then there is no offense on him to roam or tour between them [i.e, between Al Safa and Al Marwah as prescribed by the Islamic Jurisprudence: Al Sharee’a in Arabic]. And whoever enlists good deeds [other than those prescribed by Al Sharee’a, then Allah [SWT] is both Thankful and All Knowing].
According to A’isha [RAA] [the Prophet’s [SAAS] last wife] that the Messenger of Allah [SWT] in relation to this Ayah 158 said,” Verily Allah [SWT] Has Prescribed for you [Muslim believers] to strive [between Al Safa & Al Marwah in Hajj] then you should strive”.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنزَلْنَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْهُدَىٰ مِن بَعْدِ مَا بَيَّنَّاهُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْكِتَابِ ۙ أُولَٰئِكَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّاعِنُونَ (159).
Indeed, those who conceal what We sent down of clear proofs and guidance after We made it clear for the people in the Scripture – those are cursed by Allah and cursed by those who curse (159).
Verily those [Jewish Rabbis and Christian Priests] who withhold what We Have Descended from the Revelation and Guidance to the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] which We Have Declared to people in the Scriptures [the Tawrah, the Injeel and the Qur’an]. Those are Cursed by Allah [SWT] and are cursed by the cursers.
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَأَصْلَحُوا وَبَيَّنُوا فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ وَأَنَا التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (160).
Except for those who repent and correct themselves and make evident [what they concealed]. Those – I will accept their repentance, and I am the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful (160).
Except for those who repent [ask Allah [SWT] for Repentance] and rectify [their behavior] by divulging what they withheld [from believers about Muhammad [SAAS] and the Qur’an] then those “I Shall Accept their Repentance and I Am the All Repentance Accepting, the All Merciful.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ (161).
Indeed, those who disbelieve and die while they are disbelievers – upon them will be the curse of Allah and of the angels and the people, all together (161).
Verily those who have blasphemed and have died blasphemous, then upon them Shall Be the Curse of Allah as well as the curse of the Angels and of the people generally.
خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۖ لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنظَرُونَ (162).
Abiding eternally therein. The punishment will not be lightened for them, nor will they be reprieved (162).
Everlasting in the Hell Fire [for those cursed] their torment shall not be eased nor shall they be postponed or stayed from this promised punishment.
وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ۖ لَّا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ .(163)
And your god is one God. There is no deity [worthy of worship] except Him, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful (163).
And your Lord [SWT] is One Single Lord. There is no other Lord Except He [SWT], the All Compassionate, the All Merciful.
إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنفَعُ النَّاسَ وَمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِن مَّاءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ وَالسَّحَابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ .(164)
Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the [great] ships which sail through the sea with that which benefits people, and what Allah has sent down from the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein every [kind of] moving creature, and [His] directing of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and the earth are signs for a people who use reason (164).
This Ayah 164 is one of the most beautiful descriptions of Allah [SWT]’s wonderful creations for humankind and the above English description is quite sufficient.
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ أَندَادًا يُحِبُّونَهُمْ كَحُبِّ اللَّهِ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَشَدُّ حُبًّا لِّلَّهِ ۗ وَلَوْ يَرَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا إِذْ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذَابَ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعَذَابِ (165).
And [yet], among the people are those who take other than Allah as equals [to Him]. They love them as they [should] love Allah . But those who believe are stronger in love for Allah . And if only they who have wronged would consider [that] when they see the punishment, [they will be certain] that all power belongs to Allah and that Allah is severe in punishment (165).
And there are people who take up another deity [associate] other than Allah [SWT] making both equal, loving the deity as they ought to love Allah [SWT]. However, Muslim believers love Allah [SWT] intensely more and if the unjust [polytheists] were only aware that when they see torment [on the Day of Judgment] they shall be convinced that Allah [SWT] Has All the Force [in the Universe] and verily Allah [SWT] holds intense torment [for the intransient and unjust].
إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ (166).
[And they should consider that] when those who have been followed disassociate themselves from those who followed [them], and they [all] see the punishment, and cut off from them are the ties [of relationship]
Those leaders and chiefs of blasphemy and their followers – in the Hereafter – shall disown and repudiate their followers and their ties and relationships are severed once all of them see the torment that awaits them.
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُوا مِنَّا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ حَسَرَاتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ وَمَا هُم بِخَارِجِينَ
مِنَ النَّارِ (167).
Those who followed will say, “If only we had another turn [at worldly life] so we could disassociate ourselves from them as they have disassociated themselves from us.” Thus will Allah show them their deeds as regrets upon them. And they are never to emerge from the Fire (167).
And those who followed [the blasphemous leaders] say if only we had another chance [at worldly lifetime] so as to disown them as they disowned and repudiated us. So Allah [SWT] Shall Show their deeds as contrition and remorse. And they shall not be departing the Hell Fire eternally.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كُلُوا مِمَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌ (168).
O mankind, eat from whatever is on earth [that is] lawful and good and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy (168).
O humankind nourish yourselves with what the earth provides of delicious halal food and do not follow the footsteps of Al Shaytan [Satan] for he is your real enemy.
إِنَّمَا يَأْمُرُكُم بِالسُّوءِ وَالْفَحْشَاءِ وَأَن تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (169).
He only orders you to evil and immorality and to say about Allah what you do not know (169) .
Since Al Shaytan is the Muslim believer’s real enemy he will [do any and everything to] order you to perform wrongdoing and wickedness, fornication and indecency and say about Allah [SWT] what humankind has no knowledge about.
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعُوا مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا أَلْفَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَنَا ۗ أَوَلَوْ كَانَ آبَاؤُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ (170).
And when it is said to them, “Follow what Allah has revealed,” they say, “Rather, we will follow that which we found our fathers doing.” Even though their fathers understood nothing, nor were they guided?
And when the infidels are told to follow the true revelation from Allah [SWT] they say, “but we shall follow what our fathers used to worship” [idols, gods and fetishes]. This despite the fact that their fathers comprehended nothing and did not have guidance but rather were in real aberrance.
وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءً ۚ صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ (171).
The example of those who disbelieve is like that of one who shouts at what hears nothing but calls and cries cattle or sheep – deaf, dumb and blind, so they do not understand (171).
And the parable of the blasphemous is like that of one who croaks with what he does not hear except calls to sheep, cattle and donkeys. These creatures could be deaf, dumb and blind and have no ability to comprehend.
According to Abdullah Ibin Abbas [RAA] when you croak or caw creatures like cattle, sheep and donkeys they can only hear your voice but are unable to understand you. The Infidels and blasphemous are similar to these animals, they hear only but do not understand what believers are saying to them.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِلَّهِ إِن كُنتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ (172).
O you who have believed, eat from the good things which We have provided for you and be grateful to Allah if it is [indeed] Him that you worship (172).
“O you who believe [in Allah [SWT], the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] and the Qur’an] nourish yourselves from the good [halal] food which We Have Provided for you”. [And do not follow the food prohibition proclaimed by the ignorant polytheists for any reason] and be thankful to Allah [SWT] if it is He Whom you worship.
إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (173).
He has only forbidden to you dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah. But whoever is forced [by necessity], neither desiring [it] nor transgressing [its limit], there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful (173).
Allah [SWT] Has Forbidden you to eat dead [land] creatures that have died without having been sacrificed [in the Name of Allah [SWT]], spilled blood, the whole of pork, land creatures that have been sacrificed for idols. It is important to note here that all sea and water creatures are permissible to eat dead or live.
Any of the forbidden creatures is permissible to eat by the Muslim believer in the case of hunger or because of compulsion, [not with pleasure nor infringement or violation] then Allah [SWT] Shall Not Caution but Pardon the Believer for this action. Verily Allah [SWT] Is the All Forgiving, the All Merciful.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَشْتَرُونَ بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا ۙ أُولَٰئِكَ مَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ إِلَّا النَّارَ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (173).
Indeed, they who conceal what Allah has sent down of the Book and exchange it for a small price – those consume not into their bellies except the Fire. And Allah will not speak to them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He purify them. And they will have a painful punishment (174).
Verily those who hide [in reference to Jewish Priests] what Allah [SWT] has descended from the Revelation in the Qur’an and Islamic Jurisprudence buying with its value cheap worldly goods, then they shall devour into their stomachs nothing except fire and Allah [SWT] Shall Not Address them on Dooms Day [with their good deeds…only with their sins and bad deeds] nor Cleanse or Commend them and they Shall Endure Intense Torment.
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَىٰ وَالْعَذَابَ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ ۚ فَمَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ (175).
Those are the ones who have exchanged guidance for error and forgiveness for punishment. How patient they are in pursuit of the Fire! (175).
Those are the ones who purchased aberrance instead of guidance, and torment instead of forgiveness. Thus they shall endure the punishment and torment of the Hell Fire.
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ ۗ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ (176).
That is [deserved by them] because Allah has sent down the Book in truth. And indeed, those who differ over the Book are in extreme dissension (176)
That is because Allah [SWT] descended the Qur’an in truth [genuineness & authenticity] and verily those who differ over the Revelation [some claim it to be magic while others claim it to be ancient tales] shall be in schism and dissention
لَّيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَن تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَلَٰكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَآتَى الْمَالَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِ ذَوِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَالسَّائِلِينَ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَالْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا عَاهَدُوا ۖ وَالصَّابِرِينَ فِي الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ ۗ أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُتَّقُونَ (177).
Righteousness is not that you turn your faces toward the east or the west, but [true] righteousness is [in] one who believes in Allah , the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets and gives wealth, in spite of love for it, to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveler, those who ask [for help], and for freeing slaves; [and who] establishes prayer and gives zakah; [those who] fulfill their promise when they promise; and [those who] are patient in poverty and hardship and during battle. Those are the ones who have been true, and it is those who are the righteous (177) .
This Ayah 177 was revealed in response to the Jews and Christians gossiping and backbiting about the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] after the change of the Qib’lah from Jerusalem to Al Ka’bah in Makkah. Al Birr [benevolence] is a general word meaning “goodness”.
Benevolence has nothing to do with facing east or west for prayers but rather benevolence is the belief and faith in Allah [SWT], the Last Day [of Judgement], the Angels and the Book [the Qur’an], the Prophets and giving one’s own wealth despite loving it to: relatives, orphans, those in need, the bewildered traveler, those who need monitory assistance, freeing prisoners of war. Apart from these benevolent acts, the “benevolent” believers need to perform their five daily prayers, give [voluntary alms] zakat, fulfilling their covenant with other believers or with Allah [SWT], who are patient and firm during hunger and poverty, and during adversity and distress as well as being steadfast during war. Then those believers are the sincere and truthful and are the pious.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى ۖ الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنثَىٰ بِالْأُنثَىٰ ۚ فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ ۗ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَىٰ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (178).
O you who have believed, prescribed for you is legal retribution for those murdered – the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But whoever overlooks from his brother anything, then there should be a suitable follow-up and payment to him with good conduct. This is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy. But whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment (178).
O you who believe, Allah [SWT] Has Specified for the believers a legitimate and lawful retribution for those killed or murdered [in peace or wartime]. A freeman [retribution] for a freeman, a slave for a slave, and a female for a female. However, for those who forgive the perpetrator [who killed their relatives] should receive appropriate reparations and should be patient until the perpetrator comes up with the appropriate agreed reparation. The perpetrator on the other hand should not procrastinate or humiliate the relative of the deceased party. This retribution with forgiveness with or without reparation is a Legislation from Allah [SWT] and is a mitigation, extenuation, easement and Mercy from Him [SWT] to the Muslim Ummah. Hence whosoever violates this legislation subsequently and transgresses shall undergo painful torment [on Judgment Day].
وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (179).
And there is for you in legal retribution [saving of] life, O you [people] of understanding, that you may become righteous (179).
And for those believers observing the legislated retribution by Allah [SWT] shall enjoy a life with dignity and safety and become believers who have a reasoning mind and piety.
كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِن تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۖ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ (180).
Prescribed for you when death approaches [any] one of you if he leaves wealth [is that he should make] a bequest for the parents and near relatives according to what is acceptable – a duty upon the righteous (180) .
Allah [SWT] Has Written upon the believers that when death [its signs and attributes] approaches a Muslim believer who is wealthy then he/she should make the bequest in the inheritance to the parents and close relatives with virtue and kindness. This is a prerogative of the pious.
It is worth noting that Ayah 180 was revealed before the Ayat on inheritance revealed in Surat Al Ni’sa’ [see Ayah 11-14 & 176 in Surat Al Ni’sa’].
فَمَن بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَمَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (181).
Then whoever alters the bequest after he has heard it – the sin is only upon those who have altered it. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing (181).
So whosoever changes the inheritance bequest after hearing it, then the guilt lies with those who change it. Verily Allah [SWT] is the All Hearing, the All Knowing.
فَمَنْ خَافَ مِن مُّوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (182).
But if one fears from the bequeather [some] error or sin and corrects that which is between them, there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful (182).
Thus if the believer fears the one who bequeaths either due to an error or because of transgression then reconciliation between the inheritors is incumbent upon the believer and he is free from guilt or error. Verily Allah [SWT] Is The All Forgiving, The All Merciful.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (183).
O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous (183).
O you who believe Allah [SWT] Has Written upon you [Muslim believers] fasting [not eating, or drinking or having sexual intercourse from dawn to dusk] as was written on those before you [the Jews and Christians] so that you may attain piety by restraining yourselves from disobedience and transgression [that is by staying in the Halal or Permissible and staying away from the Haram or Prohibited in the Eyes of Allah [SWT].
أَيَّامًا مَّعْدُودَاتٍ ۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۚ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ۖ فَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّهُ ۚ وَأَن تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُون (184).
[Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] – then an equal number of days [are to be made up]. And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] – a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess – it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew (184).
Fasting for a number of days [only] so whoever was unable to fast due to sickness or illness or is on a journey or travelling [where his/her Salat is reduced to two Rak’at for Dhuhur & Isha] then the missed prescribed days of fasting have to be substituted as soon as possible. As for those who are old aged or terminally ill and suffer with anguish then their fasting may be substituted by ransoming each fasting day by feeding a poor person a meal [common in the place of residence] to alleviate hunger. In this respect, whoever is feeding a poor person offers feeding more than one, then it is preferable for the ransoming person. However, fasting is better for the Muslim believer if only he/she is aware of this great Gift from Allah [SWT].
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِّنَ الْهُدَىٰ وَالْفُرْقَانِ ۚ فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ۖ وَمَن كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (185).
The month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur’an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey – then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful (185).
The Month of Ramadhan [the ninth month of the Hijri Calendar] during which the Glorious Qur’an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah [SWT] from the Seventh Heavens [written on the Sacred Tablets] to earth through Arch Angel Jibreel [AS]. The revelation of the Qur’an was during Laylatul Qadir [night of Destiny] which is one of the last ten nights of Ramadhan.
The Qur’an was revealed as a guidance to people [of all origins and persuasions] and evidence of clear Ayat guiding the believer to rulings and judgements from Allah [SWT] and the Furqan [the Criterion] which separates truth from falsehood. Thus whoever sights the Crescent of the start of Ramadhan should start his fast. If on the other hand [as in the previous Ayah 184] the Muslim believer was unable to fast due to sickness or illness or is on a journey or travelling [where his/her Salat is reduced to two Rak’at for Dhuhur & Isha] then the missed prescribed days of fasting have to be substituted as soon as possible [According to Abdullah Ibn Abbas [RAA]] except for the pregnant and breastfeeding women who may postpone their fasting debt to whenever they have no maternity obligation.
Allah [SWT] Wants for you ease and convenience and Does Not Want for you difficulty and hardship so that you may complete [fasting] Ramadhan and Exalt and Glorify Allah [SWT] for His Guidance [During the Celebrations of Ramadhan Eid] and that you may be thankful.
وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ ۖ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (186).
And when My servants ask you, [O Muhammad], concerning Me – indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided (186).
And if O Muhammad [SAAS] My worshippers ask you about me then I Am Near and I Shall Respond to the supplicant who makes a supplication to Me [with faith and commitment]. So let my worshippers respond to my Commandments, believing in Me so that they might be Guided onto the right path.
According to Al Bukhari’s Volumes on Authentic Hadeeth Reporting and Narration:
The Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] is quoted as saying after Ayah 186 was revealed: No Muslim believer who supplicates to Allah [SWT] a supplication devoid of sin [or transgression] and not having boycotted and severed ties with his/her family and next of kin, shall be Given by Allah [SWT] one of three traits or qualities: either speeding up Allah [SWT]’s Response or reserving the Response to the Day of Judgment or dismiss the equivalent evil or ill from the supplicant.
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ ۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنكُمْ ۖ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۚ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ (187).
It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]. They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allah has decreed for you. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the sunset. And do not have relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the mosques. These are the limits [set by] Allah, so do not approach them. Thus does Allah make clear His ordinances to the people that they may become righteous (187).
Allah [SWT] Has Permitted you to making love to your wives including having sexual intercourse during the nights before the days of fasting. Your wives are a gown for you and you are a gown for them. This is a euphemism indicating the merger and consolidation between a man and a woman. Allah [SWT] Knew that you were betraying yourselves – before His Permission was Revealed – by having sex with your wives in the nights of fasting days. Thus, He [SWT] Gave you Repentance and Pardoned you. Now approach them [your wives] seeking what Allah [SWT] Has Prescribed for you [in enjoyment and conception of new offspring]. And eat and drink until the white light streak of dawn is distinguishable to you from the black streak of night. Then complete your fasting until sunset. And do not approach your wives while you are making continuous prayers [in Ramadhan called I’itikaf] in the mosques, for these are the boundaries of Allah [SWT] therefore do not come near them [by leaving the mosques and going to your wives for pleasure and enjoyment]. And so Allah [SWT] Shows His Regulations to people so that they may be pious.
وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُم بَيْنَكُم بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتُدْلُوا بِهَا إِلَى الْحُكَّامِ لِتَأْكُلُوا فَرِيقًا مِّنْ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْإِثْمِ وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (188).
And do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you [to] consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know [it is unlawful] (188).
And do not devour one another’s wealth in falsehood and/or use it to bribe or people of power or corrupt rulers so that you may sinfully eat away a portion of other people’s wealth with their help knowingly conscious of their action. According to Abdullah Ibn Abbas [RAA] this Ayah 188 was revealed specifically to expose people who were indebted to others but did not have any proof or evidence and thus would go to the rulers seeking absolving their debit.
يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ ۖ قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالْحَجِّ ۗ وَلَيْسَ الْبِرُّ بِأَن تَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِن ظُهُورِهَا وَلَٰكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقَىٰ ۗ وَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ أَبْوَابِهَا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (189).
They ask you, [O Muhammad], about the new moons. Say, “They are measurements of time for the people and for Hajj.” And it is not righteousness to enter houses from the back, but righteousness is [in] one who fears Allah. And enter houses from their doors. And fear Allah that you may succeed (189).
O Muhammad [SAAS] some of the Sahabah ask you about the different phases of the moon [a question asked to the Messenger [SAAS] by two Ansari Sahabah Muath Ibn Jabal & Tha’labah Ibn Athmah]. Tell them O Muhammad [SAAS] these are timings for Muslim believers and for Hajj. [Timings for Muslims include: fasting, breakfasting, wives menstrual period, commercial and trade dealings, etc.]. And benevolence is not to enter homes from their back doors [because the Haaj is still wearing Ihram clothing which was a custom by the Ansar of Medina] but [benevolence] is to be conscious and fear Allah [SWT]. Thus enter your homes from their front door and be conscious and fearful of Allah [SWT] so that you may prosper and be successful.
وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ (190).
Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress. Indeed. Allah does not like transgressors (190).
And fight in the Path of Allah [SWT] those who fight you [from the infidels and hypocrites] and do not cause transgression [by killing women and children], verily Allah [SWT] does not love transgressors. This Ayah 190 was revealed after Sulh [Reconciliation] of Al Hudaibiyyah between the Prophet Mohammad [SAAS] and the Infidels of Makkah in which they would permit him and the accompanying Muslims to make Hajj the following year. The Mekkans reneged on this reconciliation with the Messenger [SAAS] and thus fighting them was necessary to bring them back to reason and to their originally agreed conditions.
وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُم مِّنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ ۚ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِندَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ حَتَّىٰ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ ۖ فَإِن قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ (191).
And kill them wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah is worse than killing. And do not fight them at al-Masjid al- Haram until they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers (191).
And kill them wherever you find them and drive them out from wherever they drove you out and temptation is more intense than killing. And do not fight them in Al Masjid Al Haram until they do so. This shall be the penalty and retribution of the blasphemous.
فَإِنِ انتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (192).
And if they cease, then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful (192).
And if the infidels stop their animosity and fighting and accept Islam then Allah [SWT] Is the All Forgiving, All Merciful and He [SWT] Is the All Repenting for Muslims with a new beginning.
وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّىٰ لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ ۖ فَإِنِ انتَهَوْا فَلَا عُدْوَانَ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ (193).
Fight them until there is no [more] fitnah and [until] worship is [acknowledged to be] for Allah . But if they cease, then there is to be no aggression except against the oppressors (193).
Combat them tenaciously so that no temptation for blasphemy remains and worship and glorification is to Allah [SWT] alone. And so if the infidels abstain [from combating] then there shall only be aggression and atrocities against the transgressors [those who refused accepting Islam].
الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ ۚ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ (194).
[Fighting in] the sacred month is for [aggression committed in] the sacred month, and for [all] violations is legal retribution. So whoever has assaulted you, then assault him in the same way that he has assaulted you. And fear Allah and know that Allah is with those who fear Him (194).
If the infidels commit aggression against the Muslim believers in the Sacred Months of the Hijri Calendar [1st month: Muharram; 7th month: Rajab; 11th month: Thul Qi’dah; 12th month: Thul Hijjah], then it is incumbent upon the Muslims to retaliate in kind and combat the infidels in these months. Sanctities are a legitimate and lawful retribution. Therefore, whoever commits aggression against you then you should return that aggression in the same way and kind. And fear and be conscious of Allah [SWT], and know verily that Allah [SWT] stands by those [Muslim believers] conscious of Him [SWT].
وَأَنفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ۛ وَأَحْسِنُوا ۛ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (195).
And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good (195).
And pay in the path and sake of Allah [SWT] through upholding and maintaining the Islamic Commandment of Al Jihad [defending Muslim lands and communities] and do not dispose yourselves with your hands to doom and desolation [by the avoidance and annulment of Al Jihad]. And do charity and philanthropy, verily Allah [SWT] loves the philanthropists and charitable.
وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ۚ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ۖ وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ ۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِّن رَّأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِّن صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ۚ فَإِذَا أَمِنتُمْ فَمَن تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ۚ فَمَن لَّمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ ۗ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن لَّمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (196).
And complete the Hajj and ‘umrah for Allah . But if you are prevented, then [offer] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter. And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head [making shaving necessary must offer] a ransom of fasting [three days] or charity or sacrifice. And when you are secure, then whoever performs ‘umrah [during the Hajj months] followed by Hajj [offers] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And whoever cannot find [or afford such an animal] – then a fast of three days during Hajj and of seven when you have returned [home]. Those are ten complete [days]. This is for those whose family is not in the area of al-Masjid al-Haram. And fear Allah and know that Allah is severe in penalty (196).
And perform the [Compulsory] Pillar of Hajj and the [Voluntary Prophetic Tradition of Umrah] to Allah [SWT] singularly [that is, either Hajj or Umrah] and without enjoyment [Tamatt’u in Arabic] or coupling [Iq’ran in Arabic]. However, after the Haaj enters into the state of Ihram in preparation for Hajj or Umrah, he/she is hindered from executing the task [due to sickness or any other emergency] then he/she must sacrifice a gift [a ritual or nusuk in Arabic] to Allah [SWT] near the premises of Al Masjid Al Haram in Makkah. This sacrifice [presented to Allah [SWT]] could be one of three mammals: Male Camel, Ox & Ram. And don’t shave your heads until your sacrifice reaches its place [for females this duty is hair shortening]. If you happen to be sick, ill or injured in the head, then no sacrifice is required but rather the Haaj should substitute this nusuk with one of three: (1) Fasting three days; (2) Feeding six poor or needy people; (3) Presenting a live sheep. Therefore when the Haaj feels secure from being obstructed then he/she decides to proceed for Umrah before performing Hajj [in the month of Hajj] and then decides to reside in Makkah and make Tamatt’u [which is to set aside Ihram after Umrah] in the hope of entering Ihram once again for Hajj, then this violation has to be rectified by sacrificing a sheep. If none is available or the Haaj has no money to buy a sacrifice, then he/she needs to fast for three consecutive days after the 1st day of Hajj [called the three days of Tashreeq]. These three days must be completed with seven other fasting days once the Hajj returns home, to become a total of ten days. This penalty is for the Hujaj who are non-residents of Makkah and suburbs. And fear and be conscious of Allah [SWT] and know that Allah [SWT] has severe punishment.
الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَّعْلُومَاتٌ ۚ فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ ۗ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ ۗ وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَىٰ ۚ وَاتَّقُونِ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ (197).
Hajj is [during] well-known months, so whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself therein [by entering the state of ihram], there is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during Hajj. And whatever good you do – Allah knows it. And take provisions, but indeed, the best provision is fear of
Hajj [the third Pillar of worship in Islam] is prescribed in conspicuous and established months of the Islamic year [starting with the month of Shawwal, the 10th month; Thul Qi’dah, the 11th month and the 12th month of Thul Hijjah]. Therefore whoever obligated himself/herself to perform Hajj should enter first and foremost into the state of Ihram. After that duty he/she needs to refrain from three Hajj-inhibiting factors during Performing Hajj: No sexual intercourse and obscenity against females, No debauchery and No argument, quarreling or dispute. And whatever you do in terms of good, Allah [SWT] knows [inducing good instead of evil and obedience instead of disobedience as well as giving out charity] And provision yourselves with Taqwa [being conscious and fearful of Allah [SWT]] for the Hereafter and have Taqwa to Me, Oh you who have reasoning [amongst Muslim believers].
لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ ۚ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُم مِّنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِندَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِن كُنتُم مِّن قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ (198).
There is no blame upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord [during Hajj]. But when you depart from ‘Arafat, remember Allah at al- Mash’ar al-Haram. And remember Him, as He has guided you, for indeed, you were before that among those astray (198).
No offence or misdemeanor befalls you if you seek grace and favor from Your Lord [SWT] through performing commercial buying and selling during Hajj. Thus when the Hujaj depart Arafat [after performing the Pillar of Hajj on these grounds over the 9th day of Thul Hijjah [known in Islam as Waqfat Arafah] praying Dhuhur & Asr [combined]. They then move to Al Mash’ar Al Haram or Al Muzdalifah which is located between Mount Muzdalifah and Wadi Mahshar to pray Maghrib and Isha [combined] of the 9th and Fajr of the 10th which is the First Day of Eidul Adha.
Remember Allah [SWT] on the grounds of Al Muzdalifah [through Tasbeeh, Takbeer and Du’a] as He [SWT] Guided you for verily you were all astray before the advent of Islam.
ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (199).
Then depart from the place from where [all] the people depart and ask forgiveness of Allah . Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful (199).
Then disembark from Al Muzdalifah grounds from where other Hujaj disembarked and seek Allah [SWT]’s Forgiveness for verily Allah [SWT] is All Forgiving and All Merciful.
فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُم مَّنَاسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا ۗ فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ (200).
And when you have completed your rites, remember Allah like your [previous] remembrance of your fathers or with [much] greater remembrance. And among the people is he who says, “Our Lord, give us in this world,” and he will have in the Hereafter no share (200).
On the 10th day of Hajj [the day of sacrifice] and if the Hujaj finish performing the Hajj rituals which are: stoning the Grand, Middle and Minor Shaytan; performing the Sacrifice; Shaving/Shortening the hair and finally seven circumambulations around the Ka’ba known as Tawaf Al Ifadhah, remember Allah [SWT] through Tasbeeh, Takbeer and Du’a as you would remember your fathers or even more intensely. And some people say “O Lord [SWT] Grant us livelihood and sustenance in this world” and who hall Have no Fortune or Recompense from Allah [SWT] in the Hereafter.
وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ(201).
But among them is he who says, “Our Lord, give us in this world [that which is] good and in the Hereafter [that which is] good and protect us from the punishment of the Fire” (201).
And amongst those Hujaj who say “O Lord [SWT] Grant us Hasanah [good wives and children, livelihood and sustenance] in this worldly lifetime and Hasanah in the Hereafter [gaining Allah [SWT]’s Pleasure and Content and being amongst those whom Allah [SWT] Choses to Gift with Al Hoor El Een [virgins of Al Jannah] and Give us Your Protection from torment of [the Hell] fire.
أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا كَسَبُوا ۚ وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ (202).
Those will have a share of what they have earned, and Allah is swift in account (202).
Those [mentioned in Ayah 201] shall Have [from Allah [SWT]] in the Hereafter the Fortune and Recompense they deserve and Allah [SWT] Is the One Who Is Prompt and Speedy in Reckoning [the deeds of His creation on the Day of Judgement].
Al Shawkani Exegesis – Al Baqarah Ayah 203 to Ayah 286
وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَّعْدُودَاتٍ ۚ فَمَن تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَن تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ لِمَنِ اتَّقَىٰ ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ (203).
And remember Allah during [specific] numbered days. Then whoever hastens [his departure] in two days – there is no sin upon him; and whoever delays [until the third] – there is no sin upon him – for him who fears Allah . And fear Allah and know that unto Him you will be gathered (203) .
Remember Allah [SWT] by Tasbeeh, Takbeer and Du’ah during the three subsequent days of Tashreeq [after the 10th Day of Hajj] which are called the three Days of Mina when the Hujaj finish performing the Hajj rituals at Arafat and move to Mina to perform the stoning of the Grand, Middle and Minor Shaytan. So whoever speeds up this stoning ritual in two days rather than three has no misdeed and whoever performs the stoning in three days has no misdeed for those Hujaj who fear and are conscious of Allah [SWT]. And fear and be conscious of Allah [SWT] and know [beyond any doubt] that Allah [SWT] Shall Gather you [Before His Majesty on the Day of Judgement].
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُعْجِبُكَ قَوْلُهُ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا فِي قَلْبِهِ وَهُوَ أَلَدُّ الْخِصَامِ (204).
And of the people is he whose speech pleases you in worldly life, and he calls Allah to witness as to what is in his heart, yet he is the fiercest of opponents (204).
This Ayah is directed to the Messenger [SAAS] regarding the hypocrite named Akhnas Bin Shareeq who the Prophet [SAAS] knows of. He speaks in admiration of the Prophet Mohammad [SAAS] in this worldly lifetime witnessing Allah [SWT] on what resides in his heart and yet this hypocrite is the arch-contender and opponent of the Prophet [SAAS]. Allah [SWT] exposed him when he attacked farms and donkeys belonging to Muslims destroying them at night time.
وَإِذَا تَوَلَّىٰ سَعَىٰ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُفْسِدَ فِيهَا وَيُهْلِكَ الْحَرْثَ وَالنَّسْلَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْفَسَادَ (205).
And when he goes away, he strives throughout the land to cause corruption therein and destroy crops and animals. And Allah does not like corruption (205).
When this hypocrite turns his back [to the Prophet [SAAS]] he walks on the earth seeking to disseminate corruption through destroying vegetation and perishing offspring. And Allah [SWT] does not like corruption.
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ أَخَذَتْهُ الْعِزَّةُ بِالْإِثْمِ ۚ فَحَسْبُهُ جَهَنَّمُ ۚ وَلَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ (206).
And when it is said to him, “Fear Allah ,” pride in the sin takes hold of him. Sufficient for him is Hellfire, and how wretched is the resting place (206).
And when he is Told to be fearful and conscious of Allah [SWT], arrogance and pride in his sinning grips him. Then hellfire shall be sufficient for him and the miserable thalamus [which awaits him].
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ رَءُوفٌ بِالْعِبَادِ (207).
And of the people is he who sells himself, seeking means to the approval of Allah . And Allah is kind to [His] servants (207).
And there some people who offer themselves to Allah [SWT] selling themselves to Him in order to obtain the Gratification and Pleasure of Allah [SWT]. And Allah [SWT] is benignant with his worshipers. This Ayah was revealed when Suhaib [RAA] paid his whole belongings to Quraish for them to free him to emigrate from Makkah to Medina. Upon reaching Medina he met the Prophet [SAAS] who when learning of Suhaib’s [RAA] action said: He won his sale [to Allah [SWT]].
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌ (208).
O you who have believed, enter into Islam completely [and perfectly] and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy (208).
Allah [SWT] Calls upon the believers to enter and accept Islam [the true religion of Allah [SWT]] with their hearts, minds and tongue and thus not to follow the steps of the Shaytan [or Iblees: another Arabic name for Satan] or obey him lest you fall under his spells, temptations or aberrations. For he is your true and incessant enemy.
فَإِن زَلَلْتُم مِّن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْكُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (209).
But if you deviate after clear proofs have come to you, then know that Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise (209).
After entering and accepting Islam as a whole and as a complete religion with the revelation of the Qur’an as undisputable evidence of the truth you subsequently go astray, then acknowledge that Allah [SWT] is The All Mighty [in His Punishment], The All Wise [in His Judgement].
هَلْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَن يَأْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِّنَ الْغَمَامِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ ۚ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُور ُ(210).
Do they await but that Allah should come to them in covers of clouds and the angels [as well] and the matter is [then] decided? And to Allah [all] matters are returned (210).
This Ayah follows the previous two [208 & 209] in which Allah [SWT] Tells those who refuse or procrastinate accepting and entering into Islam: “Do they await Allah [SWT] Arriving within canopies of clouds to bring them to account and punishment with the Angels [executing the Will of Allah [SWT]] after the Judgement of Allah [SWT] Has Been Executed and to Allah [SWT] Revert all matters [of Creation].
سَلْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَمْ آتَيْنَاهُم مِّنْ آيَةٍ بَيِّنَةٍ ۗ وَمَن يُبَدِّلْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (211).
Ask the Children of Israel how many a sign of evidence We have given them. And whoever exchanges the favor of Allah [for disbelief] after it has come to him – then indeed, Allah is severe in penalty (211).
O Muhammad [SAAS] ask the Jews [Children of Israel] the number of Ayat We Revealed with testimony and whosoever exchanges Allah [SWT]’s Bounties, Graces and Favors with infidelity and blasphemy, then Allah [SWT] is Verily Intense in Punishment.
زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ۘ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ (212).
Beautified for those who disbelieve is the life of this world, and they ridicule those who believe. But those who fear Allah are above them on the Day of Resurrection. And Allah gives provision to whom He wills without account (212).
For the blasphemous who ornament this worldly lifetime with their wrongdoings and mock those who believe because of their poor social status [compared to the rich status of the infidels themselves], and those who are conscious and fear Allah [SWT] shall be above the nonbelievers on Resurrection Day and Allah [SWT] Sustains whoever He Wishes beyond reckoning.
كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ ۚ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ ۖ فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ
وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ (213).
Mankind was [of] one religion [before their deviation]; then Allah sent the prophets as bringers of good tidings and warners and sent down with them the Scripture in truth to judge between the people concerning that in which they differed. And none differed over the Scripture except those who were given it – after the clear proofs came to them – out of jealous animosity among themselves. And Allah guided those who believed to the truth concerning that over which they had differed, by His permission. And Allah guides whom He wills to a straight path (213).
Humanity [at the beginning of creation] were all pious and unifiers of One God, Allah [SWT] and following the religion of Islam as propagated by Prophets Adam [AS] up until the time of Prophet Nooh [Noah, AS] and his Arch occupants during the universal Flood who were all believers. It was after that time that people split into believers and nonbelievers [See Surat Hood: Ayah 25 to 44 which describes the Schism between the believers in Prophet Nooh, AS and those who disbelieved]. And so Allah [SWT] dispatched the Messengers and Prophets to guide humankind to the right path through omens and harbingers. Allah [SWT] also sent down Holy Books, Scriptures and Tablets to be taken as judge and arbiter between people, their beliefs, actions and disputes [good or bad]. It was the Jews and Christians [respectively] who disputed what was sent down to them in the Tawra and the Injeel. These disputes were rooted in envy and jealousy and love of the worldly lifetime instead of their Books being a source of their unity, harmony and abiding by Allah [SWT]’s Commandments and Guidance. And so Allah [SWT] Guided the believers in the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] or the Ummah [or the Nation] of the Messenger [SAAS] to the Truth in what was revealed in the Qur’an about the disputes between the Jews and Christians. And Allah [SWT] Guides whoever He Wishes to the Straight Path.
According to Abu Hurairah [RAA] the Prophet [SAAS] said: “We are the Last [Nation with the Qur’an in this worldly lifetime] and the First people on the Resurrection Day to enter, despite them [the Jews & Christians] receiving their Holy Books before us and we received it [the Qur’an] after them. Despite that Allah [SWT] Guided us to what they disputed regarding Truth. So this is the day of their divergence and difference – meaning Friday – which Allah [SWT] Guided us to. People will follow us on this day. Saturday is for Jews and Sunday is for Christians”.
أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُم مَّثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلِكُم ۖ مَّسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسَاءُ وَالضَّرَّاءُ وَزُلْزِلُوا حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتَىٰ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ (214).
Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while such [trial] has not yet come to you as came to those who passed on before you? They were touched by poverty and hardship and were shaken until [even their] messenger and those who believed with him said,”When is the help of Allah ?” Unquestionably, the help of Allah is near (214).
Or did you [Muslim believers] reckon that you would enter Jannah before you were tried and tested like those who were before you who were inflicted with extreme hunger and sickness and who were intimidated and inconvenienced until their Messenger and his followers and believers say: “ When is Allah [SWT]’s Victory [Which He Promised] to Descend upon us ? Allah [SWT]’s Reply [Came Down from the Heavens], Have No Doubt, Allah [SWT]’s Victory is Near !
يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَ ۖ قُلْ مَا أَنفَقْتُم مِّنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ ۗ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ (215).
They ask you, [O Muhammad], what they should spend. Say, “Whatever you spend of good is [to be] for parents and relatives and orphans and the needy and the traveler. And whatever you do of good – indeed, Allah is Knowing of it” (215).
Amr Bin Al Jamouh [RAA] who was a wealthy Sahabi asked the Prophet [SAAS] what and to whom he should spend on. Oh Muhammad [SAAS] Say:
“What you donate in the form of money then the priority is for the parents, followed by the relatives, followed by the orphans, followed by the needy, followed by wayfarers. And whatever you do in terms of philanthropy and benevolence, then Allah [SWT] Is All Aware and Knowledgeable of these actions.
كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ وَعَسَىٰ أَن تَكْرَهُوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ وَعَسَىٰ أَن تُحِبُّوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ شَرٌّ لَّكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (216).
Fighting has been enjoined upon you while it is hateful to you. But perhaps you hate a thing and it is good for you; and perhaps you love a thing and it is bad for you. And Allah Knows, while you know not (216).
Combat and warfare have been Written [By Allah [SWT]] upon you believers despite your hating and despising it. For perhaps this hatred is best for you. Combat of the Muslim believers is known as Jihad in the Path of Allah [SWT] where the conscripts are exposed to donating their money savings and personal belongings, leaving their families and homes behind and of course who might lose their lives during ‘fighting’ for Islam. The best and good in all of this is the victory on the enemy [the infidels and hypocrites] Promised by Allah [SWT] and whoever is killed in combat shall be Martyred.
And perhaps you like something and it is evil for you and Allah [SWT] Knows and you do not. Thus by not going for Jihad and abdicating your legitimate right to defending yourselves and sitting at home you risk the enemy coming to your doorstep and defeats you.
يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ ۖ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ۖ وَصَدٌّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِندَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ۗ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَن دِينِكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعُوا ۚ وَمَن يَرْتَدِدْ مِنكُمْ عَن دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (217).
They ask you about the sacred month – about fighting therein. Say, “Fighting therein is great [sin], but averting [people] from the way of Allah and disbelief in Him and [preventing access to] al-Masjid al-Haram and the expulsion of its people therefrom are greater [evil] in the sight of Allah . And fitnah is greater than killing.” And they will continue to fight you until they turn you back from your religion if they are able. And whoever of you reverts from his religion [to disbelief] and dies while he is a disbeliever – for those, their deeds have become worthless in this world and the Hereafter, and those are the companions of the Fire, they will abide therein eternally (217).
“They [blasphemous and infidels] inquire from you O Muhammad [SAAS] regarding warfare during the sacred month (s)”. Specifically the Sacred month of Rajab [7th month of the Muslim Calendar] when a Muslim Military Contingent lead by Abdullah Ibin Jahish [RAA] killed the infidel Amr Ibn Al Hadhrami believing it was the last day of the non-sacred month of Jumada Al Aakhirah [6th month of the Muslim Calendar]. This apparent misunderstanding pushed the infidels and blasphemous to scoff and ridicule the Prophet [SAAS] for this incident. “Say O Muhammad: combating during the sacred month (s) is a considerable sin [and a major trespass in the eyes of Allah [SWT]]. However, repelling people from the Path of Allah [SWT], disbelieving in Him [SWT], repulsing and expelling the Hujaj from Al Masjid Al Haram is a greater sin in the eyes of Allah [SWT]. And [causing] trials and tribulations [to the vulnerable Muslims by the infidels] are a greater act than killing or murdering”. And they [the infidels and blasphemous] are still fighting you Muslims to convert you from Islam [to paganism] if they can and whoever converts from Islam and dies as an infidel Shall Have their deeds in this worldly lifetime and in the Hereafter Invalidated and Thwarted and those are the Hell Fire dwellers residing therein eternally”.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أُولَٰئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (218).
Indeed, those who have believed and those who have emigrated and fought in the cause of Allah – those expect the mercy of Allah. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful (218).
This Ayah was revealed after Abdullah Ibn Jahish [RAA] and his Military Contingent had executed incursions against the infidels of Quraish and asking the Messenger [SAAS] whether these incursions be rewarded by the recompense of Mujahideen [Fighters in the Path of Allah [SWT]] ? The reply came down from Allah [SWT] directly in this Ayah, that these Mujahideen who are believers and who have migrated and fought in the Path of Allah [SWT], then these believers Should Hope for Allah [SWT]’s Mercy And Allah [SWT] is the All Forgiving and All Merciful.
يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ ۖ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثْمُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ مِن نَّفْعِهِمَا ۗ وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ (219).
They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, “In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit.” And they ask you what they should spend. Say, “The excess [beyond needs].” Thus Allah makes clear to you the verses [of revelation] that you might give thought (219).
The believers inquire from you O Muhammad [SAAS] on the Islamic Ruling of wine and gambling? Say O Muhammad in both lie enormous transgression with some benefits to people. And their sinfulness is greater than their benefit [The sinfulness of wine and gambling is that wine impairs all human faculties and causes poor judgements and decision-making while gambling leads to loss of personal wealth. On the other hand the benefit of wine is in its commercial merchandising and medicinal use for the human body. The good side of gambling is that money gained through this activity may be spent on poor people]. They inquire [also] about expenditure [of their wealth]? Say O Muhammad: Spend the excess of your wealth beyond your family needs. [This Ayah was abrogated and annulled [Arabic: Nusikhat] with the revelation of Ayah 60 of Surat Al Tawbah which explains Zakat, the Third Pillar of Islam]. Through this, Allah [SWT] Clarifies His Ayat to you so that you would contemplate and ponder.
فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۗ وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَىٰ ۖ قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَّهُمْ خَيْرٌ ۖ وَإِن تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ ۚ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَعْنَتَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (220).
To this world and the Hereafter. And they ask you about orphans. Say, “Improvement for them is best. And if you mix your affairs with theirs – they are your brothers. And Allah knows the corrupter from the amender. And if Allah had willed, He could have put you in difficulty. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise (220).
In this worldly lifetime and in the Hereafter. And they inquire from you about the orphans, Say O Muhammad [SAAS] reforming them is charitable and if you mix with them then they should be treated as you brothers. And Allah [SWT] Knows the corrupt [person] from the reformer. And if Allah [SWT] Had Willed He Would Have Given you hardship. Verily Allah [SWT] is the All Mighty, the All Wise.
وَلَا تَنكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّىٰ يُؤْمِنَّ ۚ وَلَأَمَةٌ مُّؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِّن مُّشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ ۗ وَلَا تُنكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّىٰ يُؤْمِنُوا ۚ وَلَعَبْدٌ مُّؤْمِنٌ خَيْرٌ مِّن مُّشْرِكٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكُمْ ۗ أُولَٰئِكَ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَالْمَغْفِرَةِ بِإِذْنِهِ ۖ وَيُبَيِّنُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ (221).
And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe. And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist, even though she might please you. And do not marry polytheistic men [to your women] until they believe. And a believing slave is better than a polytheist, even though he might please you. Those invite [you] to the Fire, but Allah invites to Paradise and to forgiveness, by His permission. And He makes clear His verses to the people that perhaps they may remember (221).
“And Do Not marry infidel, pagan or polytheist women until they become Believers [accepting Islam]. And a woman serf who is a believer is best for you than a pagan woman although you might be attracted to her. And Do Not marry pagan men until they become Believers. And a slave man who is a believer is best for you than a pagan man although you might be attracted to him. [For] they invite you to the Hell Fire [whereas] Allah [SWT] invites you [through the believers you marry] to Jannah and Forgiveness with His Permission. And [He [SWT]] Clarifies His Ayat to the people so that they may recollect.
وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ ۖ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ ۖ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَطْهُرْنَ ۖ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ (222).
caway from wives during menstruation. And do not approach them until they are pure. And when they have purified themselves, then come to them from where Allah has ordained for you. Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves.” (222).
The believers inquire from you O Muhammad [SAAS] about [female] menstruation, Say O Muhammad [SAAS] “It is harmful, thus isolate yourselves from women while menstruating”. This only includes intercourse. All other interactions are permissible including touching, kissing and caressing. And do not approach them [women] until their menstrual period has ended and they clean up with water or use clean dust [if water is not available] to cleanse [Arabic: Tayamum] then approach them according to Allah [SWT]’s Commandments [that is from the woman’s vulva]. Verily Allah [SWT] Loves the repentant [from sins] and Loves the cleansed and purified [from their impurities]
نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّىٰ شِئْتُمْ ۖ وَقَدِّمُوا ِلأَنفُسِكُمْ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُم مُّلَاقُوهُ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (223).
Your wives are a place of sowing of seed for you, so come to your place of cultivation however you wish and put forth [righteousness] for yourselves. And fear Allah and know that you will meet Him. And give good tidings to the believers (223).
Your women are your seeding and cultivation ground [for fruition with embryos], thus approach your seeding ground in any which way you prefer [provided the intercourse is through their vulva noting that anal intercourse is forbidden in Islam]. And present to yourselves righteous deeds such as mentioning “Bism-Illah-Arhman-Araheem” when performing intercourse. And be conscious and fearful of Allah [SWT] and know that you Shall Meet Him And Glad Tidings Given to those believers who obey Allah [SWT] and His Commandments.
وَلَا تَجْعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرْضَةً لِّأَيْمَانِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوا وَتَتَّقُوا وَتُصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (224).
And do not make [your oath by] Allah an excuse against being righteous and fearing Allah and making peace among people. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing (224).
And do not have your Oath to Allah [SWT] susceptible or liable to your faith and belief to be benevolent, fearful and conscious of Allah [SWT] when interceding and moderating in your efforts to reform and mend relationships between people. And Allah [SWT] Is The All Hearing, The All Knowledgeable.
لَّا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا كَسَبَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ (225).
Allah does not impose blame upon you for what is unintentional in your oaths, but He imposes blame upon you for what your hearts have earned. And Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing (225).
Allah [SWT] does not censure or punish you for your chatter when taking an Oath but He [SWT] blames and punishes you for what your hearts have acquired and earned and Allah [SWT] Is The All Forgiving, The All Forbearing.
لِّلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِن نِّسَائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ ۖ فَإِن فَاءُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (226).
For those who swear not to have sexual relations with their wives is a waiting time of four months, but if they return [to normal relations] – then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful (226).
For those of you who take an oath not to have intercourse with their wives, then the maximum limit for the waiting time is four months after which the wife has the legitimate and judicial right to ask the Judge for a divorce. In case they go back to their normal marital relationship then Allah [SWT] is The All Forgiving, The All Merciful.
وَإِنْ عَزَمُوا الطَّلَاقَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (227).
And if they decide on divorce – then indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing (227).
And if the husband refuses the divorce after the four month limit, then the Judge shall enforce it thus giving the wife her full rights. Verily Allah [SWT] Is The All Hearing, The All Knowledgeable.
وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ ۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا ۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (228).
Divorced women remain in waiting for three periods, and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allah has created in their wombs if they believe in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands have more right to take them back in this [period] if they want reconciliation. And due to the wives is similar to what is expected of them, according to what is reasonable. But the men have a degree over them [in responsibility and authority]. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise (228).
Divorced women have to wait for three consecutive menstruating periods and it not permissible nor legitimate to hide the embryo which Allah [SWT] Has Created in their uterus [women’s womb] from their previous marriage if they believe in Allah [SWT] and the Last Day. And their mates [husbands] have the priority right of asking them back to their marital home if they desire reform. If this reunion occurs then the woman has rights equal to her duties towards her man in kindness [that is their love relationship is maintained with kindness]. However, men have a greater responsibility towards their women in providing all the necessities of a descent livelihood And Allah [SWT] Is The All Mighty, The All Wise.
الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ ۖ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ ۗ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَن تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَن يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ ۖ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا ۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (229).
Divorce is twice. Then, either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment. And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep [within] the limits of Allah. But if you fear that they will not keep [within] the limits of Allah, then there is no blame upon either of them concerning that by which she ransoms herself. These are the limits of Allah, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allah – it is those who are the wrongdoers (229).
Divorcing is legally acceptable [consecutively] twice with the right by the man to ask the woman back to her marital home. In this case, the man either keeps his woman in honor and safeguarding [As Allah [SWT] Commands] or alternatively divorces her and sends her back to her parent or guardian home with the divorcing man giving the divorced woman a sum of money or a gift as a gesture of appreciation. A third divorce – if desired – confiscates the right of return of the woman until she marries another man [See Ayah 230].
The divorcing man is not permitted to take back the dowry amount. However if both divorcees have the feeling that they might transgress on the boundaries of Allah [SWT] if they return to their marital home then the Judge or Mediator decrees that the divorced woman relinquish part of her dowry to the divorcing man in order to obtain a divorce provided no hurt, harm or prejudice had been exerted on the divorced woman. This is called stripping or yanking the divorcing man [Arabic: Khulu’e]. These are the Guidelines of Marriage and Divorce Decreed by Allah [SWT] so abide and do not transgress them. And whosoever violates these boundaries then they are the [true] transgressors.
فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِن بَعْدُ حَتَّىٰ تَنكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ ۗ فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَن يَتَرَاجَعَا إِن ظَنَّا أَن يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ يُبَيِّنُهَا لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ (230).
And if he has divorced her [for the third time], then she is not lawful to him afterward until [after] she marries a husband other than him. And if the latter husband divorces her [or dies], there is no blame upon the woman and her former husband for returning to each other if they think that they can keep [within] the limits of Allah. These are the limits of Allah, which He makes clear to a people who know (230).
So in the case that the man divorces the woman [for the third time] then he has no right to legally return the woman [since it is not permissible nor legitimate] until she marries another man. If this [second] man divorces her or dies, then there is no offence for the woman to return to her first husband through a new marriage keeping his woman in honor and safeguarding [As Allah [SWT] Commands]. And these are the Boundaries of Allah [SWT] for a people who have comprehension.
وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ ۚ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِّتَعْتَدُوا ۚ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ ۚ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ۚ وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَا أَنزَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ يَعِظُكُم بِهِ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (231).
And when you divorce women and they have [nearly] fulfilled their term, either retain them according to acceptable terms or release them according to acceptable terms, and do not keep them, intending harm, to transgress [against them]. And whoever does that has certainly wronged himself. And do not take the verses of Allah in jest. And remember the favor of Allah upon you and what has been revealed to you of the Book and wisdom by which He instructs you. And fear Allah and know that Allah is Knowing of all things (231).
And if you [chose to] divorce [your] women and they have almost completed their three consecutive menstruating periods [without pregnancy] then either the man keeps his women in honor and safeguarding [As Allah [SWT] Commands] or alternatively divorces them sending them back to their parent or guardian home. And do not keep your women with the intent of harming them to trespass and transgress and whoever does that has been unjust to himself. And do not take the Ayat of Allah [SWT] with mockery [as men used to treat women in the time of ignorance, that is, before the inception of Islam, marrying then divorcing at will and selfishly]. And remember the Grace of Allah [SWT] upon you and what has been Revealed to you from the [the Book and Wisdom] Qur’an and Purified Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah [SWT] as exhortation for you and be conscious and fearful of Allah [SWT] and know that Allah [SWT] is the All Knowing of All Things.
وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَن يَنكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَاضَوْا بَيْنَهُم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَن كَانَ مِنكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۗ ذَٰلِكُمْ أَزْكَىٰ لَكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (232).
And when you divorce women and they have fulfilled their term, do not prevent them from remarrying their [former] husbands if they agree among themselves on an acceptable basis. That is instructed to whoever of you believes in Allah and the Last Day. That is better for you and purer, and Allah knows and you know not (232).
And if you [chose to] divorce [your] women and they have completed their three consecutive menstruating periods [without pregnancy] then do not prevent them or stand in their way – because of jealousy and/or possession or ownership – if they seek new marriages from whoever they wish in honor and kindness as Commanded by Allah [SWT]. This is exhortation for whoever believes in Allah [SWT] and the Last Day. This [action] is more cleansing, more commending and purer for you and Allah [SWT] Knows and you do not.
وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ ۖ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ ۚ وَعَلَى الْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۚ لَا تُضَارَّ وَالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ لَّهُ بِوَلَدِهِ ۚ وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَٰلِكَ ۗ فَإِنْ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَن تَرَاضٍ مِّنْهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٍ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا ۗ وَإِنْ أَرَدتُّمْ أَن تَسْتَرْضِعُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا سَلَّمْتُم مَّا آتَيْتُم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (233).
Mothers may breastfeed their children two complete years for whoever wishes to complete the nursing [period]. Upon the father is the mothers’ provision and their clothing according to what is acceptable. No person is charged with more than his capacity. No mother should be harmed through her child, and no father through his child. And upon the [father’s] heir is [a duty] like that [of the father]. And if they both desire weaning through mutual consent from both of them and consultation, there is no blame upon either of them. And if you wish to have your children nursed by a substitute, there is no blame upon you as long as you give payment according to what is acceptable. And fear Allah and know that Allah is Seeing of what you do (233).
This Ayah details with the offspring nursing [breastfeeding and weaning] of the divorced man and woman. The [divorced] mother can breastfeed her children for two full years for whoever desires completing the nursing period. Beyond these two years there is no compulsion for further nursing. In case both parents agree, the nursing period of two years may be reduced. The father has the obligation of feeding and clothing the nursing mother with kindness. No soul is burdened beyond its capability. [Accordingly] a [divorced] woman should not be harmed by the husband with the pretext of the involved children. The reverse is true, that is, the woman should not harm the man by placing obstacles in his way and demanding excessive spending. And if the father dies then it is incumbent upon the heir to take care of the divorced wife of the deceased husband and her children as well as not causing them any harm. And if the parents desire to wean their children before the two full years of breastfeeding then they must reach an agreement between them to do so with no offence on either party. And in case that you [the parents] agreed on surrogate breast feeders for your children then there is no offence upon you provided the mother is given money compensation. The same goes for the surrogate women, treating them with kindness [so that they do not negatively impact the children]. Fear Allah [SWT] and be conscious of Him and be informed that Allah [SWT] Is Observing All your actions.
وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا ۖ فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ (234).
And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind – they, [the wives, shall] wait four months and ten [days]. And when they have fulfilled their term, then there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable manner. And Allah is [fully] Acquainted with what you do (234) .
And those amongst you who die leaving their wives behind, then these wives require to be patient and deliberate with themselves [wait] a term of four months and ten days [The wisdom behind this 130 day term is that Allah [SWT] Has Provided the ten days extra time in order to make certain that the fetus is alive and moving in the womb. If and when they attain their prescribed term, then there is no offence upon you [the deceased] as to what your widows shall do provided they conduct themselves with goodness and kindness. This may include personal decoration, engagement and marriage.
وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُم بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ أَوْ أَكْنَنتُمْ فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ ۚ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ سَتَذْكُرُونَهُنَّ وَلَٰكِن لَّا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلَّا أَن تَقُولُوا قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا ۚ وَلَا تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُ ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ (235).
There is no blame upon you for that to which you [indirectly] allude concerning a proposal to women or for what you conceal within yourselves. Allah knows that you will have them in mind. But do not promise them secretly except for saying a proper saying. And do not determine to undertake a marriage contract until the decreed period reaches its end. And know that Allah knows what is within yourselves, so beware of Him. And know that Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing (235).
You are under no offence for offering to engage women or for what you keep confidential to yourselves [regarding this issue]. Allah [SWT] is already knowledgeable of you keeping the prospective brides [divorced or widows] in your mind, however do not meet them in a secret venue unless you want to say a kind and good statement to them [such as offering them engagement or marriage]. And do not embark on a marriage knot [agreement] until the prescribed term [of 130 days] is complete. And be aware that Allah [SWT] Knows what is in your souls thus beware of Him [SWT] and be informed that Allah [SWT] is The All Forgiving, The All Forbearing.
لَّا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً ۚ وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ مَتَاعًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۖ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ (236).
There is no blame upon you if you divorce women you have not touched nor specified for them an obligation. But give them [a gift of] compensation – the wealthy according to his capability and the poor according to his capability – a provision according to what is acceptable, a duty upon the doers of good (236).
You are under no offence if you divorce woman in case you have not had intercourse with them or offered them a dowry. Then give them a compensation in the form of a gift of clothing and/or gold ornaments. The compensation from capable men is measured with their wealth, while for low income men the compensation should be within their means. This compensation should be provided with goodness and kindness in all cases and it is a prerogative to all philanthropists.
وَإِن طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ إِلَّا أَن يَعْفُونَ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ ۚ وَأَن تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ ۚ وَلَا تَنسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (237).
And if you divorce them before you have touched them and you have already specified for them an obligation, then [give] half of what you specified – unless they forego the right or the one in whose hand is the marriage contract foregoes it. And to forego it is nearer to righteousness. And do not forget graciousness between you. Indeed Allah , of whatever you do, is Seeing (237).
And if you divorce your brides without intercourse [meaning they are still virgins] and you have given them a dowry, then give half of it to the divorced bride and keep the other half. Otherwise the divorced bride relinquishes or waivers her right to the half dowry or the person holding the marriage knot [agreement] performs that on the divorced bride’s behalf. And forgiving [conceding] is closer to piety. And do not forget gracefulness amongst you. Verily Allah [SWT] is observing.
حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَىٰ وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ (238).
Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the middle prayer and stand before Allah , devoutly obedient (238).
Preserve and maintain the compulsory five daily prayers and specifically the middle prayers [Salat Al Asr] and stand before Allah [SWT] in reverence and obedience.
فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا ۖ فَإِذَا أَمِنتُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَمَا عَلَّمَكُم مَّا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ (239).
And if you fear [an enemy, then pray] on foot or riding. But when you are secure, then remember Allah [in prayer], as He has taught you that which you did not [previously] know (239).
In the case that you fear [conducting proper prayers] then proceed with it either on foot or mounted [on horses]. However, if and when you feel secure then proceed with proper prayers remembering Allah [SWT] as He Had Taught you unless you already know the prayer rituals.
وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِّأَزْوَاجِهِم مَّتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ ۚ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنفُسِهِنَّ مِن مَّعْرُوفٍ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (240).
And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind – for their wives is a bequest: maintenance for one year without turning [them] out. But if they leave [of their own accord], then there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable way. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise (240).
And those of you who die and leave widowed wives, then they should be bequeathed with provisions [expenses and belongings] for a full year without being turned away [from their residence]. However, if they chose to leave before the year then there is no offence on you with what they do with themselves by way of engagement or marriage in goodness and kindness. And Allah [SWT] is The All Mighty [in His Punishment], The All Wise [in His Judgement].
وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۖ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ (241).
And for divorced women is a provision according to what is acceptable – a duty upon the righteous (241).
And for the divorced [women] a provision [expenses and belongings] should be given out in goodness and kindness, a right [to be exercised] by the pious.
كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ (242).
Thus does Allah make clear to you His verses that you might use reason (242).
This is how Allah [SWT] shows you His Ayat so that you may have prudence.
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ لَهُمُ اللَّهُ مُوتُوا ثُمَّ أَحْيَاهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَشْكُرُونَ(243).
Have you not considered those who left their homes in many thousands, fearing death? Allah said to them, “Die”; then He restored them to life. And Allah is full of bounty to the people, but most of the people do not show gratitude (243).
Have you [Mohammad [SAAS]] not contemplated on those who have been driven out of their dwellings by the thousands out of fear of death by a plague that had reached epidemic proportions. According to Ibin Abbas [RAA] they were Jews numbering four thousand who fled their lands fearing death. Allah [SWT] told these fleeing Jews to die, and so they did. It was with the Du’a of one of their Prophets, Prophet [Haskell] Hizqail [AS] that brought them back to life after eight or more days [by Allah [SWT]’s Will]. After this they lived for an epoch with the signs of death on them. Allah [SWT] Is Verily Graceful on people but most people do not thank Him [SWT]. The object of this narrative is directed towards Muslims to encourage them for Jihad in the Path of Allah [SWT] and not to fear death that might result since it is Allah [SWT]’s destiny for humankind.
وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (244).
And fight in the cause of Allah and know that Allah is Hearing and Knowing (244).
And fight in the Cause of Allah [SWT] to Elevate His Name and Islam and comprehend hat Allah [SWT] is the All Hearing of what you say, the All Knowledgeable of your [personal] situations and Shall Reward you accordingly.
مَّن ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَقْبِضُ وَيَبْسُطُ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (245).
Who is it that would loan Allah a goodly loan so He may multiply it for him many times over? And it is Allah who withholds and grants abundance, and to Him you will be returned (245).
Whoever happens to be the one who loans Allah [SWT] a fine loan for which He [SWT] Shall Multiply for the loaner [his reward] many times. And Allah [SWT] Is The One Who Constricts and Spreads sustenance and to Him [SWT] is our Return.
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الْمَلَإِ مِن بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِن بَعْدِ مُوسَىٰ إِذْ قَالُوا لِنَبِيٍّ لَّهُمُ ابْعَثْ لَنَا مَلِكًا نُّقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ قَالَ هَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِن كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ أَلَّا تُقَاتِلُوا ۖ قَالُوا وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نُقَاتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَدْ أُخْرِجْنَا مِن دِيَارِنَا وَأَبْنَائِنَا ۖ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ تَوَلَّوْا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّنْهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ (246).
Have you not considered the assembly of the Children of Israel after [the time of] Moses when they said to a prophet of theirs, “Send to us a king, and we will fight in the way of Allah “? He said, “Would you perhaps refrain from fighting if fighting was prescribed for you?” They said, “And why should we not fight in the cause of Allah when we have been driven out from our homes and from our children?” But when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, except for a few of them. And Allah is Knowing of the wrongdoers (246).
Have you [Mohammad [SAAS]] not contemplated on the gathering of the Children of Israel [the honorable amongst them] after the death of Prophet Mousa [AS] when the giant titans overtook their dwellings and homes. They said to a Prophet of theirs [said to be Prophet Samuel [AS]] send us a king so that we may fight in the Path of Allah [SWT]. Prophet Samuel [AS] said to them if combating in the Path of Allah [SWT] may be written and imposed upon you, would you not obey the call? They said why should we not fight in the Path of Allah [SWT] especially when we were expelled from our homes with our children and so when fighting was written upon them they turned away except for a small number and Allah [SWT] Is Aware of the transgressors.
وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ بَعَثَ لَكُمْ طَالُوتَ مَلِكًا ۚ قَالُوا أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ عَلَيْنَا وَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْتَ سَعَةً مِّنَ الْمَالِ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَاهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (247).
And their prophet said to them, “Indeed, Allah has sent to you Saul as a king.” They said, “How can he have kingship over us while we are more worthy of kingship than him and he has not been given any measure of wealth?” He said, “Indeed, Allah has chosen him over you and has increased him abundantly in knowledge and stature. And Allah gives His sovereignty to whom He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing [in favor] and Knowing” (247).
And their Prophet Samuel [AS] said to them that Allah [SWT] Has Sent to you Talot as king [over you]. They said: “how can he assume a kingdom over us while we have more right for the kingdom than he and he has not been bestowed with great wealth [The objection of the Jews on the kingdom not being given to them but to Talot is that he is neither from a lineage of prophets nor a lineage of kings]. Prophet Samuel [AS] said: Verily, Allah [SWT] Has Selected him over you [Jews] and Has Augmented his extension in knowledge and body-build to show strength, determination and leadership in wars and combat. And Allah [SWT] Is The Deity Who Has the Ultimate Discretion of Choosing Who He Wills from humankind to be king and warrior and Allah [SWT] Is The All Encompassing, The All Knowledgeable”.
وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ آيَةَ مُلْكِهِ أَن يَأْتِيَكُمُ التَّابُوتُ فِيهِ سَكِينَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَبَقِيَّةٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ آلُ مُوسَىٰ وَآلُ هَارُونَ تَحْمِلُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ (248).
And their prophet said to them, “Indeed, a sign of his kingship is that the chest will come to you in which is assurance from your Lord and a remnant of what the family of Moses and the family of Aaron had left, carried by the angels. Indeed in that is a sign for you, if you are believers.” (248).
And Prophet Samuel [AS] said to the Jews, “Verily the Ayah of Jaloot’s [Goliath’s] kingdom is to bring you the casket containing calm and tranquility from your Lord [SWT] and remains from the lineages of Prophet Mousa [AS] and Prophet Haroon [AS] carried by the Angles. Verily, this is an Ayah [from Allah [SWT]] for you if you are believers”.
According to Abdullah Ibn Abbas [RAA] quoting the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS] “The giants – upon the command of their king Jaloot – captured the casket from the Israelites and so the Angels came carrying it between the earth and heavens and looking at the casket until they placed it by Talot. When the Israelites saw this, they submitted to Talot and his sovereignty and the Prophets [of Israel] when going to war used to advance”.
فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِالْجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُم بِنَهَرٍ فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي وَمَن لَّمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي إِلَّا مَنِ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً بِيَدِهِ ۚ فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّنْهُمْ ۚ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُ هُوَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ قَالُوا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ ۚ قَالَ الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلَاقُو اللَّهِ كَم مِّن فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةً كَثِيرَةً بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ (249).
And when Saul went forth with the soldiers, he said, “Indeed, Allah will be testing you with a river. So whoever drinks from it is not of me, and whoever does not taste it is indeed of me, excepting one who takes [from it] in the hollow of his hand.” But they drank from it, except a [very] few of them. Then when he had crossed it along with those who believed with him, they said, “There is no power for us today against Goliath and his soldiers.” But those who were certain that they would meet Allah said, “How many a small company has overcome a large company by permission of Allah. And Allah is with the patient. “(249).
And when Talot exited with his soldiers from Jerusalem [during which the weather was hot] he said: “Allah [SWT] is putting you [Jews] through a tribulation and calamity. This is [in the form of] a river [running between Jordan and Palestine], thus whoever takes a drink [to quench thirst] is not related to me, but whoever did not drink is a companion of mine including those who took a sip in the palm of the hand. And so they drank from the river except a few of them. Then upon crossing the river with Talot and those believers who believed with him [their number is said to have reached over 300 by a few tens], those who did not have certitude [in Allah [SWT]] said:” We are unable to fight Goliath and his soldiers today”. However, those Talot followers who had trust, faith and confidence in Allah [SWT] that they shall Meet Him [on the Day of Judgement] said: “How many of a small group [Talot and his followers] triumphs over a large group [Goliath and his army] through the dispensation of Allah [SWT] And Allah [SWT] Is Allied with the patient [believers].
According to Al Bara’ Ibn Azib [RAA] Quoting the Prophet [SAAS], “The Talot believers who crossed the river were the same total number as Muhammad [SAAS]’s Companions at the Battle of Badr
وَلَمَّا بَرَزُوا لِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وَانصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ (250).
And when they went forth to [face] Goliath and his soldiers, they said, “Our Lord, pour upon us patience and plant firmly our feet and give us victory over the disbelieving people” (250).
And [Talot and his followers] upon exposing themselves to the army of Jaloot [Goliath] in an open land, they said [in Supplication to Allah [SWT]] “O Our Lord instill upon us patients and anchor down our feet and grant us victory over the blasphemous [Jaloot and his soldiers].
فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُودُ جَالُوتَ وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ ۗ وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُم بِبَعْضٍ لَّفَسَدَتِ الْأَرْضُ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ (251).
So they defeated them by permission of Allah, and David killed Goliath, and Allah gave him the kingship and prophet hood and taught him from that which He willed. And if it were not for Allah checking [some] people by means of others, the earth would have been corrupted, but Allah is full of bounty to the worlds (251).
Thus Jaloot and his army were beaten by the dispensation of Allah [SWT] and Prophet/King Dawood [AS] [David; one of the sons of Prophet Isai [AS]] who was amongst Talot’s followers was chosen by Talot to personally kill Jaloot and so he did and Allah [SWT] thus Bestowed upon Dawood [AS] Kingdom and Prophecy and Taught him what He [SWT] wants [including making armor and shields as well as the logic of birds communication]. And if it were not for Allah [SWT]’s driving or spurring people against each other [evil, corrupt and bad people against good, virtuous and kind people] then the earth would have been corrupt, however Allah [SWT] Has His Grace over the whole world and its creation.
تِلْكَ آيَاتُ اللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (252).
These are the verses of Allah which We recite to you, [O Muhammad], in truth. And indeed, you are from among the messengers (252).
These are the Ayat of Allah [SWT] which We Recite to you, O Muhammad [SAAS] [through Arch Angel Jibreel] in truth. And verily you O Muhammad [SAAS] are amongst the Messengers [of Allah [SWT]].
تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۘ مِّنْهُم مَّن كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ ۖ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٍ ۚ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ۗ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِن بَعْدِهِم مِّن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَٰكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُم مَّن كَفَرَ ۚ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ (253).
Those messengers – some of them We caused to exceed others. Among them were those to whom Allah spoke, and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the Son of Mary, clear proofs, and We supported him with the Pure Spirit. If Allah had willed, those [generations] succeeding them would not have fought each other after the clear proofs had come to them. But they differed, and some of them believed and some of them disbelieved. And if Allah had willed, they would not have fought each other, but Allah does what He intends (253).
These are the Messengers [of Allah [SWT]] some of whom We Have preferred over others. [According to Abu Hurairah [RAA] quoting the Messenger of Allah [SAAS]: “Do not prefer me over other Prophets”. Muhammad [SAAS]’s modesty and selfless character gave him the qualities of being described as the best of Prophets. Despite that quality we as Muslims are implored not to prefer our Prophet [SAAS] over Prophets Mousa [AS] or Issa [AS] in particular].
Amongst the Messengers are those whom Allah [SWT] preferred to speak with as in the cases of Prophet Mousa [AS] and Prophet Muhammad [SAAS]. While others He [SWT] elevated in stature like Prophet Idris [AS]. And We Bestowed upon Issa [AS] Son of Mariam [Mary] undisputable evidence of the truth through Giving Issa [AS] the power of reviving the dead and remission of the sick and ill, Backed by the Holy Spirit Arch Angel Jibreel [Gabriel, AS].
And Had Allah [SWT] Willed, the Prophets that came after Mousa [AS], Issa [AS] and Muhammad [SAAS] would not have diverged and disagreed leading their nations to fight after the undisputable evidence of the truth had come to them but some believed while others remained blasphemous And Allah [SWT] Willed, they would not have fought each other, However, Allah [SWT] Does What He Wants.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاكُم مِّن قَبْلِ أَن يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَّا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خُلَّةٌ وَلَا شَفَاعَةٌ ۗ وَالْكَافِرُونَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (254).
O you who have believed, spend from that which We have provided for you before there comes a Day in which there is no exchange and no friendship and no intercession. And the disbelievers – they are the wrongdoers (254).
O you who believe disburse from that which We Have Provided you in Sustenance lest a day comes in which no selling nor friendship nor intercession [is accepted] and the infidels are the transgressors.
اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ ۚ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ ۚ لَّهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ مَن ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ ۚ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ ۚ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ۖ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ (255).
Allah – there is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of [all] existence. Neither drowsiness overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is [presently] before them and what will be after them, and they encompass not a thing of His knowledge except for what He wills. His Kursi extends over the heavens and the earth, and their preservation tires Him not. And He is the Most High, the Most Great (255).
Allah [SWT] – No other deity except He [SWT] exists – The Ever Living, The All Sustainer of all existence. No somnolence nor sleep takes Him [SWT]. He [SWT] Holds the Reigns of the Heavens and Earth. Whom is it that can intercede with Him [SWT] except through His Own Authorization. He Knows what [the whole of] creation is living through in this worldly life and what they shall meet in the Hereafter. And all creation have no knowledge of what surrounds them except of What He [SWT] Wills. His Throne broadens over the Heavens and Earth and their Conservation does not Fatigue or Exhaust Him. And He [SWT] Is The Most Elevated, The Most Great.
This single Ayah 255 of Surat Al Baqarah contains the most descriptive “vision” of Allah [SWT] by Allah [SWT] Himself to the believers. It is known as the Ayah of the Kursi [Throne] and is considered the greatest Ayah in the Qur’an. Thus the Muslim believers make it a practice to recite this particular Ayah after each compulsory salat.
لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ ۖ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ ۚ فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَىٰ لَا انفِصَامَ لَهَا ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (256) .
There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The right course has become clear from the wrong. So whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah has grasped the most trustworthy handhold with no break in it. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing (256).
There is no compulsion upon any non-Muslim in accepting Islam if he/she pays the necessary tax or Jizyah. As such belief and faith is discerned from blasphemy, shaytan [Satan] and paganism. And so whoever disbelieves in the Taghoot [another name for Shaytan] and believes in Allah [SWT] has held to the most trustworthy grip [on the firm, strong and unbreakable knot of the rope of humankind’s worldly lifetime]. And Allah [SWT] Is The All Hearing, The All Knowledgeable.
اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُخْرِجُهُم مِّنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَوْلِيَاؤُهُمُ الطَّاغُوتُ يُخْرِجُونَهُم مِّنَ النُّورِ إِلَى الظُّلُمَاتِ ۗ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (257).
Allah is the ally of those who believe. He brings them out from darkness into the light. And those who disbelieve – their allies are Taghut. They take them out of the light into darkness. Those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein (257).
Allah [SWT] Is The Custodian of those who have believed Taking them out of darkness into illumination and those who have blasphemed, [then] their custodians are the Taghoot exiting them from light into darkness. Those are the proprietors of the Hell Fire, in which they shall eternally remain.
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ أَنْ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ إِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّيَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ قَالَ أَنَا أُحْيِي وَأُمِيتُ ۖ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْتِي بِالشَّمْسِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَبُهِتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ (258).
Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord [merely] because Allah had given him kingship? When Abraham said, “My Lord is the one who gives life and causes death,” he said, “I give life and cause death.” Abraham said, “Indeed, Allah brings up the sun from the east, so bring it up from the west.” So the disbeliever was overwhelmed [by astonishment], and Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people (258).
Have you O Muhammad [SAAS] not contemplated on that [infidel] who argued with [the Father of Prophets] Prophet Ibraheem [Abraham] [AS] since Allah [SWT] bestowed upon him a kingdom? Ibraheem [AS] began the argument by telling the infidel: “My Lord [SWT] Is The One Who Grants life and Causes Death”, The infidel replied: “[But] I grant life and cause death”. Ibraheem [AS] said: “ Verily Allah [SWT] Causes the sunrise from the east, then [if you can] cause it to rise from the west. The infidel was baffled [and overwhelmed] in front of Ibraheem [AS] and Allah [SWT] Does Not Guide the transgressors.
أَوْ كَالَّذِي مَرَّ عَلَىٰ قَرْيَةٍ وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا قَالَ أَنَّىٰ يُحْيِي هَٰذِهِ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا ۖ فَأَمَاتَهُ اللَّهُ مِائَةَ عَامٍ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ ۖ قَالَ كَمْ لَبِثْتَ ۖ قَالَ لَبِثْتُ يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ ۖ قَالَ بَل لَّبِثْتَ مِائَةَ عَامٍ فَانظُرْ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِكَ وَشَرَابِكَ لَمْ يَتَسَنَّهْ ۖ وَانظُرْ إِلَىٰ حِمَارِكَ وَلِنَجْعَلَكَ آيَةً لِّلنَّاسِ ۖ وَانظُرْ إِلَى الْعِظَامِ كَيْفَ نُنشِزُهَا ثُمَّ نَكْسُوهَا لَحْمًا ۚ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ قَالَ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ(259).
Or [consider such an example] as the one who passed by a township which had fallen into ruin. He said, “How will Allah bring this to life after its death?” So Allah caused him to die for a hundred years; then He revived him. He said, “How long have you remained?” The man said, “I have remained a day or part of a day.” He said, “Rather, you have remained one hundred years. Look at your food and your drink; it has not changed with time. And look at your donkey; and We will make you a sign for the people. And look at the bones [of this donkey] – how We raise them and then We cover them with flesh.” And when it became clear to him, he said, “I know that Allah is over all things competent” (259).
Or take O Muhammad [SAAS] the example of Uzair [a prophet of the Children of Israel] who passed a village in the land of Jerusalem after it was destroyed by Nabuchadnezzar II [King of Babylon] who also destroyed the Jerusalem Jewish Temple in 587 BC. The devastation of the village with its house walls and roofs raised to the ground is a metaphor for the occupants who fled the destruction scene.
Uzair questioning whether the ruined village could be brought back to life Said:” How Will Allah [SWT] Restore this destruction to life?” Allah [SWT] in Response Caused Uzair to die for a duration of a hundred years, then Resurrected him. Allah [SWT] Said:” How many days did you stay here? Uzair Replied:” For a day or a few days” [He slept at the beginning of the day met his Death then was Restored to life in the evening of the same day]. Allah [SWT] Said:“ But you have stayed here for a hundred years; look at your food [figs] and drink [juice] neither have changed over this time. And look at your Ass and We Shall Make you an Ayah for the people [you know and those who know you]. The indication is that this Ayah was a Miracle from Allah [SWT] that Uzair – over the duration of a hundred years – saw his offspring of sons and grandsons old men with grey hair and beards while he was still a youth. And look at the bones [of the Ass] How We Assemble them then Cover them with flesh and skin. And when It was evident to Uzair that he was experiencing another Miracle from Allah [SWT] with his own eyes, he said:” I am aware and conscious that Allah [SWT] Is [Able and] Competent Over all things [all of His Creation].
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ ۖ قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِن ۖ قَالَ بَلَىٰ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي ۖ قَالَ فَخُذْ أَرْبَعَةً مِّنَ الطَّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ اجْعَلْ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِّنْهُنَّ جُزْءًا ثُمَّ ادْعُهُنَّ يَأْتِينَكَ سَعْيًا ۚ وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (260).
And [mention] when Abraham said, “My Lord, show me how You give life to the dead.” [ Allah ] said, “Have you not believed?” He said, “Yes, but [I ask] only that my heart may be satisfied.” [ Allah ] said, “Take four birds and commit them to yourself. Then [after slaughtering them] put on each hill a portion of them; then call them – they will come [flying] to you in haste. And know that Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.” (260).
And so Ibraheem [AS] said:” My Lord Show me How You Revive the dead. Allah [SWT] Replied:“ Have you not [yet] believed?” Ibraheem [AS] said: Yes [My Lord], however I want my heart to be tranquil (*). Allah [SWT] Said:“ Take four birds and assemble them to you, then dissect each and place portions [of them] on all the hill tops [surrounding you] then call them, they will come to you striving (**). And be aware that Allah [SWT] is the All Mighty, the All Wise.
(*) According to Abdullah Ibn Abbas [RA] Quoting the Messenger of Allah [SAAS]: “This is the most hopeful Ayah in the Qur’an”. The Prophet is also quoted as saying: “A verbal report [heard] is not like an [eye] citation”.
(**) According to Abdullah Ibn Abbas [RA] Quoting the Messenger of Allah [SAAS]: “They were seven hill tops and Ibraheem [AS] started with their heads in his hands then began collecting flesh, skin and feather until the birds gradually came back to life.
مَّثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنبَتَتْ سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ فِي كُلِّ سُنبُلَةٍ مِّائَةُ حَبَّةٍ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يُضَاعِفُ لِمَن يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (261).
The example of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is like a seed [of grain] which grows seven spikes; in each spike is a hundred grains. And Allah multiplies [His reward] for whom He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing (261).
The example of those who spend their personal income in the Path of Allah [SWT] [have a reward] synonymous with a [single] grain which germinated into seven spikes. Each spike containing a hundred sprouting grains. And Allah [SWT] Compounds His Recompense to those whom He [SWT] Wishes. And Allah [SWT] is The All Encompassing, The All Knowing.
In relation to Ayah 261 and according to Abu Ubaidah Ibn Al Jarrah [RAA] he heard the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] say: “Whoever expends a virtuous expenditure in the Path of Allah [SWT], then the Recompense is seven hundred fold and whoever expends on himself or had visited a sick patient or removed harm [from the path of people] then the Reward from Allah [SWT] is tenfold. And fasting is protection [or shielding for the Muslim believer against the Hellfire] provided it is not violated and [finally] whoever Allah [SWT] afflicts with illness in their body then this is an alleviation of sins, misdeed or misdemeanor that had issued from the Muslim believer.
الَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَا أَنفَقُوا مَنًّا وَلَا أَذًى ۙ لَّهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (262).
Those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah and then do not follow up what they have spent with reminders [of it] or [other] injury will have their reward with their Lord, and there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve (262).
Those who spend their personal income in the Path of Allah [SWT] and then do not follow this act of spending with assertion and show-off as well as not following the spending with hurt or harm, shall have their recompense with their Lord [SWT] and shall have no trepidation nor shall they grief.
According to Abi Tharr Al Ghaffari [RAA] Quoting the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] Saying: ”Three [types of people] Allah [SWT] Shall Not Speak to on the Day of Resurrection, Nor Look at , Nor Cleanse and Commend and for them [awaits] great torment: the show-off for what he/she has expended from their own wealth, one who drags his/her gown so that it brushes the ground and a seller of his/her goods through a deceiving oath.
قَوْلٌ مَّعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِّن صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَلِيمٌ (263).
Kind speech and forgiveness are better than charity followed by injury. And Allah is Free of need and Forbearing (263).
Courteous and gentle utterance with forgiveness are preferable to charity followed by harm and Allah [SWT] Is The All Opulent, The All Forbearing.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُم بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَىٰ كَالَّذِي يُنفِقُ مَالَهُ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۖ فَمَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ صَفْوَانٍ عَلَيْهِ تُرَابٌ فَأَصَابَهُ وَابِلٌ فَتَرَكَهُ صَلْدًا ۖ لَّا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ مِّمَّا كَسَبُوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ (264).
O you who have believed, do not invalidate your charities with reminders or injury as does one who spends his wealth [only] to be seen by the people and does not believe in Allah and the Last Day. His example is like that of a [large] smooth stone upon which is dust and is hit by a downpour that leaves it bare. They are unable [to keep] anything of what they have earned. And Allah does not guide the disbelieving people (264).
O you who believe do not void your alms and handouts with showing off or hurting or harming [people] as if he/she spends their wealth and income with pharisaism and does not believe in Allah [SWT] and the Last Day. His parable is like that of a huge smooth stone [protruding from the ground] which is covered with dust and is cleaned by a shower of rain. These people could not hold on to what they have acquired. And Allah [SWT] Does Not Guide the infidel people.
وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ وَتَثْبِيتًا مِّنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ كَمَثَلِ جَنَّةٍ بِرَبْوَةٍ أَصَابَهَا وَابِلٌ فَآتَتْ أُكُلَهَا ضِعْفَيْنِ فَإِن لَّمْ يُصِبْهَا وَابِلٌ فَطَلٌّ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (265).
And the example of those who spend their wealth seeking means to the approval of Allah and assuring [reward for] themselves is like a garden on high ground which is hit by a downpour – so it yields its fruits in double. And [even] if it is not hit by a downpour, then a drizzle [is sufficient]. And Allah , of what you do, is Seeing (265).
The parable for those who spend their income seeking the Contentment of Allah [SWT] making sure that the charity or alms [they present] are for the sake of Allah [SWT] [without showing off] is like a garden on high ground receiving rain showers, thus yielding its fruits twice and if no rain showers fall then drizzle will be enough [for minimum fruiting] and Allah [SWT] is All Observant of what you do. And so if a Muslim believer is bestowed with sizeable bounties and grace from Allah [SWT] then he/she spends generously in the Path of Allah [SWT] and in the case of limited bounties, then the believer spends in the Sake of Allah [SWT] in accordance with this limitation.
أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِّن نَّخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ لَهُ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ وَأَصَابَهُ الْكِبَرُ وَلَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ ضُعَفَاءُ فَأَصَابَهَا إِعْصَارٌ فِيهِ نَارٌ فَاحْتَرَقَتْ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ (266).
Would one of you like to have a garden of palm trees and grapevines underneath which rivers flow in which he has from every fruit? But he is afflicted with old age and has weak offspring, and it is hit by a whirlwind containing fire and is burned. Thus does Allah make clear to you [His] verses that you might give thought (266).
This story is a parable for a believer who has spent his money in the Path of Allah [SWT] but in a hypocritical and show-off way because of the seduction and enticement of Shaytan [Satan] and so the tornado and fire are Allah [SWT]’s response to this Tartuffe believer. Likewise Allah [SWT] Clarifies His Ayat so that you may ponder or contemplate.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنفِقُوا مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُم مِّنَ الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُم بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَن تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ (267).
O you who have believed, spend from the good things which you have earned and from that which We have produced for you from the earth. And do not aim toward the defective therefrom, spending [from that] while you would not take it [yourself] except with closed eyes. And know that Allah is Free of need and Praiseworthy (267).
O you who believe spend from your good earned income and from the fruits and grains which We Have Unearthed for you from the earth and do not target the bad and pernicious from your Zakat wealth to spend in the Path of Allah when you yourself refrain from receiving that Zakat except with your eyes closed. And be aware that Allah [SWT] Is The All Opulent, the All Praiseworthy.
الشَّيْطَانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَيَأْمُرُكُم بِالْفَحْشَاءِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُم مَّغْفِرَةً مِّنْهُ وَفَضْلًا ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (268).
Satan threatens you with poverty and orders you to immorality, while Allah promises you forgiveness from Him and bounty. And Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing (268).
Shaytan promises you poverty and commands you to perform obscenity or indecency [Within Arab culture these two terms refer to a stingy miser] and Allah [SWT] Promises you Forgiveness From Him and Graciousness and Allah [SWT] Is The All Encompassing, The All Knowing.
يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَن يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ (269).
He gives wisdom to whom He wills, and whoever has been given wisdom has certainly been given much good. And none will remember except those of understanding (269).
Allah [SWT] Grants His Wisdom to whom He Wishes and whosoever is Granted wisdom will have been Granted a lot of goodness. This wisdom is exemplified by the knowledge of the Quran as well as correct faith and belief speech And only those with kernel minds remember [and are able to understand].
وَمَا أَنفَقْتُم مِّن نَّفَقَةٍ أَوْ نَذَرْتُم مِّن نَّذْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُهُ ۗ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنصَارٍ(270).
And whatever you spend of expenditures or make of vows – indeed, Allah knows of it. And for the wrongdoers there are no helpers (270).
Allah [SWT] Knows all the intentions and actions of the believer towards Him [SWT]. Expenditures and vows promised by the believer towards the Creator [SWT] are particularly important and are rewarded by Allah [SWT]. And the unjust and transgressors shall have no supporters.
إِن تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ ۖ وَإِن تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۚ وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنكُم مِّن سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ (271).
If you disclose your charitable expenditures, they are good; but if you conceal them and give them to the poor, it is better for you, and He will remove from you some of your misdeeds [thereby]. And Allah, with what you do, is [fully] Acquainted (271).
In case you provide visible charities then this is a blessed act. And in case you conceal your charities and hand it to the poor then this is in your welfare and He [SWT] Shall Atone you from your sins. And Allah [SWT] is Expert and Proficient in what you do. According to Abu Hurairah [RAA] Quoting the Messenger of Allah [SAAS] Saying: Seven Shall be Shaded by Allah [SWT] with His Shadow on a day when there Will Be No Shade Except His [SWT]: A Just Ruler; A Youth who was raised Worshiping Allah [SWT]; Two believers who love Allah [SWT] meeting together and parting [on this theme]; A believer whose heart is hanging in the Masjid departing from it until returning to it; A believer who invokes Remembering Allah [SWT] in solitude and his/her eyes start tearing, A believer who is invited [to fornication] by a woman with position and beauty but replies that he fears Allah [SWT]; and a believer who handed out a charity [in the Path of Allah [SWT]] but concealed it so that the left hand is unaware what the right hand is spending.
لَّيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ ۗ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِأَنفُسِكُمْ ۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُونَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ (272).
Not upon you, [O Muhammad], is [responsibility for] their guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills. And whatever good you [believers] spend is for yourselves, and you do not spend except seeking the countenance of Allah . And whatever you spend of good – it will be fully repaid to you, and you will not be wronged (272).
You, O Muhammad [SAAS] are not obligated to guide them [the infidels and blasphemous to faith and Islam] but Allah [SWT] Guides whoever He Wishes and whatever you [believers] present as charity shall be [earmarked] for your own selves [your own salvation] and whatever you spend should be in seeking the visage of Allah [SWT]. And whatever you present as charity shall be paid back [in Reward By Allah [SWT]] and you [the believers] shall not be oppressed or unjustly treated.
لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ضَرْبًا فِي الْأَرْضِ يَحْسَبُهُمُ الْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَاءَ مِنَ التَّعَفُّفِ تَعْرِفُهُم بِسِيمَاهُمْ َ لَايَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا ۗ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ (273).
[Charity is] for the poor who have been restricted for the cause of Allah, unable to move about in the land. An ignorant [person] would think them self-sufficient because of their restraint, but you will know them by their [characteristic] sign. They do not ask people persistently [or at all]. And whatever you spend of good – indeed, Allah is Knowing of it (273).
The charities which you present should go to the poor who have been trapped in combating and Jihad in the Path of Allah [SWT] and who are unable nor free to work in agriculture or commerce because of their commitment to Jihad. The unaware person would assume them wealthy from their abstinence while the wise person recognizes them from their countenance, they do not ask people [for handouts] due to their poverty. And whatever charities you spend are Verily Known by Allah [SWT].
الَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُم بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (274).
Those who spend their wealth [in Allah s way] by night and by day, secretly and publicly – they will have their reward with their Lord. And no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve (274).
Those who spend their riches and opulence [in the Path of Allah [SWT]] during night and day, covertly and overtly shall find their Reward with their Lord [SWT] and no fear shall befall them nor shall they grieve.
الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا ۗ وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا ۚ فَمَن جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِ فَانتَهَىٰ فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَنْ عَادَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (275).
Those who consume interest cannot stand [on the Day of Resurrection] except as one stands who is being beaten by Satan into insanity. That is because they say, “Trade is [just] like interest.” But Allah has permitted trade and has forbidden interest. So whoever has received an admonition from his Lord and desists may have what is past, and his affair rests with Allah . But whoever returns to [dealing in interest or usury] – those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein (275).
Those who deal with usury are like those who the Shaytan flounders from madness and craze. This is because they said trade is similar to usury. And Allah [SWT] Permitted trade and Forbade usury. Thus whoever gets exhortation from his Lord [SWT] and refrains [from usury] then he/she is allowed to keep previous income and their affairs Shall Revert to Allah [SWT]. However, whoever returns [to usury] shall be amongst the companions of the Hell Fire where they shall eternally dwell.
يَمْحَقُ اللَّهُ الرِّبَا وَيُرْبِي الصَّدَقَاتِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ (276).
Allah destroys interest and gives increase for charities. And Allah does not like every sinning disbeliever (276).
Allah [SWT] annihilates usury and breeds and nurtures [your] charities and Allah [SWT] Does Not Love any blasphemous flagrant sinner.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (277).
Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds and establish prayer and give zakat will have their reward with their Lord, and there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve (277).
Verily those who believe [in Islam] and perform veracious and righteous deeds and establish Salat [five times prescribed prayers] and give Zakat [Alms] shall have their recompense with their Lord [SWT] and no fear shall affect them nor will they anguish or grief.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ (278).
O you who have believed, fear Allah and give up what remains [due to you] of interest, if you should be believers (278).
O you who believe, fear Allah [SWT] and be conscience of Him [SWT] and relinquish [remaining activities in] usury if you are to be [true] believers.
فَإِن لَّمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۖ وَإِن تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ (279).
And if you do not, then be informed of a war [against you] from Allah and His Messenger. But if you repent, you may have your principal – [thus] you do no wrong, nor are you wronged (279).
And if you do not [stop usury] then be warned of a War from Allah [SWT] and His Messenger [SAAS]. This is because usury is actually a major sin [Kabeerah in Arabic; Kaba’ir for plural] in the Eyes of Allah [SWT]. According to Abdullah Ibin Abbas quoting the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS]: ” Whoever does not stop dealing with usury he/she will be cautioned and warned by the Muslim Ruler. If they do not comply then the Ruler has the Sharia right to behead them as a punishment.
وَإِن كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَىٰ مَيْسَرَةٍ ۚ وَأَن تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (280).
And if someone is in hardship, then [let there be] postponement until [a time of] ease. But if you give [from your right as] charity, then it is better for you, if you only knew (280).
And in case the [indebted] person is unable to repay his/her debit, then they should be given a reprieve time [postponement of repayment] and if the debtor cancels the amount [considering it as charity towards the poor] then this is a veracious act if you are only aware [of its implications in the Eyes of Allah [SWT]].
وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ (281).
And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah. Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned, and they will not be treated unjustly (281).
And fear and be conscience of a Day [Of The Resurrection] when you [all creation] Shall Revert to Allah [SWT], then each [human] soul Shall be Compensated [by Allah [SWT]] for what it acquired [in the Worldly Life Time] and none Shall Be Unjustly Treated. According to Abdullah Ibn Abbas, this was the last Ayah Revealed to the Prophet Muhammad [SAAS]. The Messenger of Islam [SAAS] died exactly 31 days later.
The Prophet [SAAS] is reported to have said:” A merchant used to lend people [money and merchandise] and when he came across an indebted person [who is unable to meet his debit obligations] he would ask his assistants to “forgive” [his outstanding debt] saying that maybe Allah [SWT] Will Forgive us. And so Allah [SWT] Responded by Forgiving the Merchant [for his sins and trespasses].
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنتُم بِدَيْنٍ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ ۚ وَلْيَكْتُب بَّيْنَكُمْ كَاتِبٌ بِالْعَدْلِ ۚ وَلَا يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَن يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ ۚ فَلْيَكْتُبْ وَلْيُمْلِلِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلَا يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ۚ فَإِن كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوْ ضَعِيفًا أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَن يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّهُ بِالْعَدْلِ ۚ وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِن رِّجَالِكُمْ ۖ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّن تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَن تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَىٰ ۚ وَلَا يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا ۚ وَلَا تَسْأَمُوا أَن تَكْتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوْ كَبِيرًا إِلَىٰ أَجَلِهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَأَدْنَىٰ أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوا ۖ إِلَّا أَن تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكْتُبُوهَا ۗ وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ ۚ وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ ۚ وَإِن تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّهُ فُسُوقٌ بِكُمْ ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (282).
O you who have believed, when you contract a debt for a specified term, write it down. And let a scribe write [it] between you in justice. Let no scribe refuse to write as Allah has taught him. So let him write and let the one who has the obligation dictate. And let him fear Allah , his Lord, and not leave anything out of it. But if the one who has the obligation is of limited understanding or weak or unable to dictate himself, then let his guardian dictate in justice. And bring to witness two witnesses from among your men. And if there are not two men [available], then a man and two women from those whom you accept as witnesses – so that if one of the women errs, then the other can remind her. And let not the witnesses refuse when they are called upon. And do not be [too] weary to write it, whether it is small or large, for its [specified] term. That is more just in the sight of Allah and stronger as evidence and more likely to prevent doubt between you, except when it is an immediate transaction which you conduct among yourselves. For [then] there is no blame upon you if you do not write it. And take witnesses when you conclude a contract. Let no scribe be harmed or any witness. For if you do so, indeed, it is [grave] disobedience in you. And fear Allah . And Allah teaches you. And Allah is Knowing of all things (282).
O you who believe, if and when you enter into a loan agreement for a prescribed time then [you should] document it and let a legal auditor [Katib Al Adl] document the loan deal and let him not decline or refuse to do his job as Allah [SWT] Prescribed in the Qur’an. And let the indebted dictate the terms of the loan agreement on the legal auditor. This is because Allah [SWT] Has Ordered the required dictation to be made by the indebted person in order to ensure that he ratifies and witnesses that the debt is upon him. Allah [SWT] also Ordered the indebted person when dictating to be fearful and conscience of His Lord [SWT] and not to undervalue the debit that he owes. Thus if the indebted person is ribald or weak [because he’s too old or too young or is a daze-minded person] or he is dumb or unable to express himself normally then their appointed custodians or trustees shall dictate for them in justness. This debit agreement should be witnessed by two mature Muslim men [who are known for their justness and righteousness]. In case two men are not available, then one man and two women [with the same above qualities] shall suffice in witnessing. This is because if one of the woman forgets or is in error then the other should remind and correct the former. And the invited witnesses should not be bored or reluctant to dictate the agreement [until its termination date] whether small or large [in amount] for this is more Just [in the Eyes of Allah [SWT]] and more Supportive of the witnessing agreement in hand which should be less prone to suspicion. Except when your commercial transactions are immediate and visible, then there is no offence in not documenting the agreement. However, it is better to witness this transaction through witnesses and documenting people and let them not refuse this task with prejudice. If you do not comply then you are committing debauchery upon yourselves. And fear and be conscience of Allah [SWT] and Allah [SWT] instructs and educates you and Allah [SWT] is The All Knowing of All Things.
وَإِن كُنتُمْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ وَلَمْ تَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا فَرِهَانٌ مَّقْبُوضَةٌ ۖ فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُم بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ ۗ وَلَا تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ ۚ وَمَن يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ (283).
And if you are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then a security deposit [should be] taken. And if one of you entrusts another, then let him who is entrusted discharge his trust [faithfully] and let him fear Allah , his Lord. And do not conceal testimony, for whoever conceals it – his heart is indeed sinful, and Allah is Knowing of what you do.
And if you happen to be travelling [and/or any other excuse similar to travel] and no dictating person is available then a guaranteed amount belonging to the indebted shall be held. And so if you confide in each other, then the guaranteed [debit] amount should be returned by the indebted and let him/her fear and be conscience of his/her Lord Allah [SWT] and whoever hides or conceals the truth about the guaranteed amount then their hearts have sinned and themselves have transgressed. And Allah [SWT] Is the All Knowing of your actions and deeds.
لِّلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ وَإِن تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُم بِهِ اللَّهُ ۖ فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَاءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (284).
To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Whether you show what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allah will bring you to account for it. Then He will forgive whom He wills and punish whom He wills, and Allah is over all things competent (284).
Allah [SWT] Holds the Reigns of the Heavens and Earth. And weather you expose what lies in your souls or you hide it, then you shall undergo the Reckoning of Allah [SWT] and He [SWT] Shall Forgive whoever He Wants and Torments whoever He Wishes and Allah [SWT] Is The All Capable Over All His Creation. If the believer thinks of sinning or transgressing and does not perform the act then this intention is Forgiven by Allah [SWT]. According to the Reporting of Abu Hurirah [RAA] from the Hadeeth of the Messenger of Allah [SWT] who said: “Verily Allah [SWT] Has Forgiven for this [my] Ummah its secretive conversation or utterance [to their own souls] if this is not divulged or acted upon”.
آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِن رَّبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۚ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِّن رُّسُلِهِ ۚ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ۖ غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ (285).
The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and [so have] the believers. All of them have believed in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers, [saying], “We make no distinction between any of His messengers.” And they say, “We hear and we obey. [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the [final] destination.” (285).
After Glorifying Himself in Ayah 284, Allah [SWT] Declares that His Messenger Muhammad [SAAS] has Believed and Affirmed in the Message Revealed to him [through the Qur’an] by His Lord [SWT]. All believers followed the Prophet [SAAS] in believing and affirming in the Message. All have believed in Allah [SWT] and His Angels and His Books [Scriptures] and His Messengers [Prior to the Last Messenger Muhammad [SAAS]]. We do not discriminate between any of His Messengers, saying: “We have listened and obeyed, Forgive us our O Lord [SWT] and to You is our destiny.
لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۚ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ ۗ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِن نَّسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا ۚ رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِنَا ۚ رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ ۖ وَاعْفُ عَنَّا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا ۚ أَنتَ مَوْلَانَا فَانصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ (286).
Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity. It will have [the consequence of] what [good] it has gained, and it will bear [the consequence of] what [evil] it has earned. “Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred. Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which You laid upon those before us. Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no ability to bear. And pardon us; and forgive us; and have mercy upon us. You are our protector, so give us victory over the disbelieving people.” (286).
Each soul is entrusted by Allah [SWT] only with its capability. Each soul shall acquire the good [in the Hereafter] it has done [in the Worldly Lifetime] and shall bear the burden of the sins it has committed. O Our Lord [SWT]: “Do not reprimand us for forgetting or for making mistakes”. O Our Lord [SWT]: “Do not let us bear the brunt of those [peoples] whom You Had Burdened before us. O Our Lord [SWT]: “Do not let us undergo burdens which we have no capability for. And Absolve us and Forgive us and Give us Mercy, You Are our Ally and Protector, thus Grant us triumph over the blasphemous and infidel people.
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